Haemolytic Anaemai

Question 1

2 types of haemolytic anaemia, what are they?

Answer 1

Acquired intrinsic haemolytic anaemia
RBC normal, destruction is caused by triggers like drugs, toxins, auto-antibodies, infections
Inherited intrinsic ameoytic anaemia- inherent RBC abnormalities such as unusa shape, reduced flexibility,decreased energy, lower viability

Question 2

What is the splenic destruction

Answer 2

Macrophage break down Uuusal RBC
GLOBIN IS Converted to AA
Iron is metabolised and removed from haem and binds to transferrin
Transported to liver/bone marrow
Bilirubin is converted from haem, transport to liver and excreted through intestines

Question 3

Haemolytic anaemia symptoms

Answer 3

Shortness of breath , pale mucus membranes, mild jaundice,splenomagly ,dark urine

Question 4

Haemolytic anaemia changes

Answer 4

RBC breakdown increased
Reticulocytosis increased
Morphological changes= microspherocyes, elliptocytes
Serum bilirubin increased
Haptoglobins low
Lactate dehydrogenase increased

Question 5

2 inherited haemolytic anemia a

Answer 5

Thalassaemia ( quantitive) mutations in globin genes a thalasseamia and b thalalsaemia
Sickle cell anaemia-Qualititve, single amino is changed for B-globin, homozygous (HbSS full disease) (Heterozygous carrier)

Question 6

How to diagnose thalassameia and sickle cell

Answer 6

Highperformance liquid chromatograph, sickle solubility screen, direct indirect anti globulin tests

Question 7

Treatment for thaassaemaia and sim cell anaemia

Answer 7

Thalassaemia - regular blood transfusion, folic acid supplementation, iron chelation therapy, potential bone arrow transplant
Sickle cell - hydroxyurea, blood transfusion or stem cell transplantation

Question 8

What are the OTHER cases of haemolytic anaemia

Answer 8

Non-immune cause: mechanical injury , hypersplenism,chemical exposure, physical trauma, artificial heart trauma, radiation