Calcium Disorder Flashcards
What a calcium good for?
Structure function primary mineral in the body, bone ad teeth and cell adhesion, neurotransmitter release ,muscle contraction, enzymatic coenzyme for blood coagulation, intracellular second messenger
How is calcium regulated
PTH, respond to low plasma calcium, stimulate bone re absorption , increase real calcium re absorption,promote calciferol synthesis .
Calcitriol: enhance calcium absorption, increase bone absorption, regulate phosphate mechanism
Calcitonin : oppose PTH, inhitiscalcum release from bone
Reduces renal calcium re absorption
What effects calcium concentration
Plasma plasma variations- albumin impacts conc
Anion conc-phosphate levels inversely affect ionised conc , hyperphosphatemia decreases REE calcium
Acid-base balance- pH levels modify free calcium levels, acidosis INCREASE plasma ionised calcium
Alkalosis- decrease plasma ionised calcium
Hypercalcemia vs hypocalameia
Hyper=above range
Caused by excessive vitamins,malignancies, hyperparathyroidism, thiazide diuretics
Clinical symptoms: abdominal pain,confusion,cardiac arrhythmias,muscle weakness,renal complications
Hypoplasma calcium below
Caused by vitamin D difficency,renal failure, hypoarathyroidism,magnesium difficnecy
Clinical symptoms neruovascular irritability, convulsions, tetany, cardiac arrhythmias, psychological disburance
Diagnostic for inestiating Hypo-hypercalameia
Plasma calcium levels, albumin conc, parathyroid hormone leve,phosphate level, renal dysfunction, vitamin D status renal function markers
Treatments for hypo-hypercalameia
Hyper-address underlying cause, intravenous hydration, calcu reasorption inhitiors, potential surgical intervention
Hypooral calciumsupplemts, vitamin D replacement mg supplementation, treat root cause
