Haematology Week 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 types of blood cells?
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Platlets
What is the production of blood cells called?
Haemopoiesis
What are blood cells made from?
Pluripotent stem cells
What are the sites of haemopoiesis in a foetus?
Yolk sac
3rd - 7th month - spleen
What is the site of haemopoiesis in infants?
Bone marrow - most bones
What is the site of heamopoeisis in adults?
Bone marrow of axial skeleton
What are the 5 types of white blood cells?
Eosinophils Basophils Neutrophils Monocytes Lymphocytes
What do eosinophils look like? What is their function?
BI-lobed nucleus
Red granules
Fight parasitic infection
Involved in hypersensitivity
What is the function of basophils?
Involved in hypersensitivity - release histamine
What do neutrophils look like? What is their function?
Segmented nucleus
Phagocytes, kill with granule contents
What does optical density of RBCs tell you about the concentration?
Optical density is proportional to the concentration
What are the 3 layers of blood after being centrifuged?
Plasma
Buffy coat - WBC
Red blood cells
What is heamatocrit?
Ratio or % of blood that is RBC
What are reticulocytes?
Early red blood cells after denucleification
What doe reticulocytes look like compared to RBCs?
Bigger
No central pallor
If MCV is low what is the problem?
Problem with haemoglobinisation
Is MCV is high what is the problem?
Problem with maturation
What are small RBC with low Hb called?
Microcytic and hypochromic
What are the components of haemoglobin?
Globins
Heam - prophyrin ring and Iron (FE2+)
What are the causes of microcytic anaemia?
Heam deficiency Iron deficiency Porphyrin synthesis problem Congenital sideroblastic anaemia Globin deficiency Thalassaemia
How is iron stored?
In ferritin
What three lab results would confirm a iron deficiency?
Low MCV
Low Haemoglobin
Low serum ferritin
What are 3 causes of iron deficiency?
Lack of iron in diet
Blood loss - GI, menorrhagia
Malabsorption
What transports iron?
Transferrin
Why are macrocytic red cells large?
Because of defects in DNA synthesis and nuclear maturation
Failure to become smaller
What are the 2 main causes of macrocytic anaemia?
B12 Deficiency
Folate deficiency
Where is B12 absorbed?
Ileum
Where is folate absorbed?
Duodenum and jejunum
Name 2 symptoms of macrocytic anaemia?
Weight loss
Diarrhoea
Jaundice
Sore tongue
Name 3 causes of B12 deficiency?
Veganism Pancreatitis Coeliac disease Crowns disease Bowel resection Atrophic gastritis