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Haematology > 4th Year Haematology > Flashcards

4th Year Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

2 causes of Microcytic anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency

Thalassaemia

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2
Q

What causes macrocytic anaemia?

A

Failure of nuclear maturation, failure to get smaller

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3
Q

2 causes of Macrocytic anaemia?

A

B12 and folate deficiency

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of macrocytic anaemia?

A

Prenicious anaemia

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5
Q

2 conditions associated with pernicious anaemia?

A

Atrophic gastritis and hypothyroidism

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6
Q

2 anti bodies seen in pernicious anaemia?

A

Anti gastric parietal cell anti bodies

Anti intrinsic factor

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7
Q

What is given as the treatment for pernicious anaemia?

A

Hydroxycobalamin

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8
Q

What causes koilonychia?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

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9
Q

What sort of anaemia is seen in anaemia of chronic disease?

A

Mild normocytic anaemia

Ferritin normal or increased

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10
Q

What is sideroblastic anaemia?

A

Microcytic, ineffective erythropoiesis, congenital or x linked

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11
Q

Cause of howell jolly bodies?

A

Post splenectomy and hyposplenism

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12
Q

Teat Drop red cells?

A

Extramedually haemopoiesis, myelofibrosis

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13
Q

Cause of Macrocytosis without anaemia?

A

alcohol

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14
Q

What does a positive direct anti globulin test mean?

A

Immune cause of haemolysis

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15
Q

Heinz bodies?

A

G6PD deficiency

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16
Q

Bite cells?

A

G6PD deficiency

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17
Q

How is G6PD deficiency inherited?

A

X linked

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18
Q

How is hereditary spherocytosis?

A

Auto soma dominant

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19
Q

Target cells?

A

Hyposplenism, iron deficiency

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20
Q

Shistochytes?

A

Intravascular haemolysis

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of thrombophilia?

A

Factor V leiden

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22
Q

3 features of von willebrand management?

A

Tranexamic acid
Desmopressin
Factor VIII concentrate

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23
Q

What virus causes a sickle cell aplastic crisis?

A

Parvovirus

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24
Q

Philadelphia chromosome - 9:22?

A

CML

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25
Q

Reed steenburg cells?

A

Hodgkins lymphoma

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26
Q

Most common cause of hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Nodular sclerosing

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27
Q

Best prognosis - hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Lymphocyte rich

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28
Q

Worst prognosis - hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Lymphocyte depleted

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29
Q

What type of lymphoma is associated with EBV?

A

Burkitts lymphoma

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30
Q

Monoclonal proteins IgG iGA and hence jones proteins?

A

Multiple myeloma

31
Q

3 features of myeloma?

A

Renal dysfunction
Hypercalcaemia
Anaemia

32
Q

Hyper segmented neutrophils?

A

B12 and folate deficiency

33
Q

B12 and folate deficiency, which should you replace first?

A

B12

34
Q

Parietal cell and intrinsic factor, sensitive or specific?

A

Parietal cell - more sensitive

Intrinsic factor - more specific

35
Q

Inheritance of thalasaeamia?

A

Autosomal recseeive

36
Q

Management of thalassaemia?

A

Regular transfusions or when unwell

37
Q

Inheritance of sickle cell anaemia?

A

Autosomal recessive

38
Q

% of HbS in sickle cell anaemia?

A

> 80%

39
Q

2 types of non Hodgkins lymphoma?

A

B cell and T cell

40
Q

Types of High grade and low grade B cell non Hodgkins?

A

Low grade - follicular, marginal

High grade - bursts, diffuse large B cell

41
Q

4 stages of Hodgkins?

A
  1. single region
  2. 2 nodes regions on same side of diaphragm
  3. involvement of nodes on both sides of diaphragm
  4. spread beyond nodes
42
Q

Auer rods?

A

AML

43
Q

typical age group for AML?

A

Elderly

44
Q

BCR-ABL?

A

CML

45
Q

What type of leukaemia are tyrosine kinase inhibitors used?

A

CML - imantinib

46
Q

Definition or remission in acute leukaemia?

A

<5% blasts

47
Q

Rouleaux?

A

Myeloma

48
Q

Jak2?

A

Polycythaemia rubra vera (also essential thrombocythaemia)

49
Q

Treatment of polycthaemia?

A

Venesect

50
Q

Most common leukaemia in adults?

A

CLL

51
Q

Which factor does LMWH inhibit?

A

Xa

52
Q

Length of warfarin in provoked and unprovoked VTE?

A

Provoked - 3 months

Unprovoked - 6 months

53
Q

Anti cardio lipin antibody?

A

Anti phospholipid syndrome

54
Q

Anti CCP?

A

RA

55
Q

VW disease - APTT and bleeding time?

A

APTT - prolonged

Bleeding time - prolonged

56
Q

Haemophilia - APTT and bleeding time?

A

APTT - prolonged

Bleeding time - normal

57
Q

What is factor V Leiden?

A

Activated protein C resistance

58
Q

Treatment of essential thrombocytosis?

A

Aspirin and hydroxyurea

59
Q

What malignancy does HIV increased the risk of?

A

Non Hodgkins lymphoma

60
Q

Tumour lysis syndrome?

A

Burkitts

61
Q

Cell abnormality in CLL?

A

Lymphocytosis - increased in lymphocytes - not other types

62
Q

3 steps in management of major bleeding on warfarin?

A

Stop warfarin
Vitamin K
Prothrombin complex concentrate

63
Q

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in Warfarin?

A

PT - increased

All others normal

64
Q

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in Aspirin?

A

Bleeding time prolonged

All others normal

65
Q

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in Heparin?

A

PT and APTT increased

Others normal

66
Q

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in DIC?

A

PT, APTT, bleeding time - increased

Platelets - decreased

67
Q

Deficient factor in Haemophillia A?

A

VIII

68
Q

Factor in Haemophilia B?

A

IX

69
Q

PT, APTT, bleeding time in haemophilia?

A

APTT - prolonged

PT and needling time - normal

70
Q

What blood marker rises in pagets?

A

ALP

71
Q

Most common proteins in myeloma?

A

IgG, IgA, IgD

72
Q

What symptoms are associated with a poor prognosis in lymphoma?

A

B symptoms

73
Q

What else is Factor V leiden called?

A

Protein C resistance

74
Q

What drugs should you withhold in an AKI?

A

NSAIDS

Haematology (5 decks)

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