4th Year Haematology Flashcards by Claire Milne

2 causes of Microcytic anaemia?

Iron deficiency

Thalassaemia

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What causes macrocytic anaemia?

Failure of nuclear maturation, failure to get smaller

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2 causes of Macrocytic anaemia?

B12 and folate deficiency

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What is the most common cause of macrocytic anaemia?

Prenicious anaemia

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2 conditions associated with pernicious anaemia?

Atrophic gastritis and hypothyroidism

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2 anti bodies seen in pernicious anaemia?

Anti gastric parietal cell anti bodies

Anti intrinsic factor

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What is given as the treatment for pernicious anaemia?

Hydroxycobalamin

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What causes koilonychia?

Iron deficiency anaemia

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What sort of anaemia is seen in anaemia of chronic disease?

Mild normocytic anaemia

Ferritin normal or increased

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What is sideroblastic anaemia?

Microcytic, ineffective erythropoiesis, congenital or x linked

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Cause of howell jolly bodies?

Post splenectomy and hyposplenism

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Teat Drop red cells?

Extramedually haemopoiesis, myelofibrosis

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Cause of Macrocytosis without anaemia?

alcohol

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What does a positive direct anti globulin test mean?

Immune cause of haemolysis

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Heinz bodies?

G6PD deficiency

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Bite cells?

G6PD deficiency

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How is G6PD deficiency inherited?

X linked

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How is hereditary spherocytosis?

Auto soma dominant

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Target cells?

Hyposplenism, iron deficiency

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Shistochytes?

Intravascular haemolysis

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What is the most common cause of thrombophilia?

Factor V leiden

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3 features of von willebrand management?

Tranexamic acid
Desmopressin
Factor VIII concentrate

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What virus causes a sickle cell aplastic crisis?

Parvovirus

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Philadelphia chromosome - 9:22?

CML

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Reed steenburg cells?

Hodgkins lymphoma

Most common cause of hodgkins lymphoma?

Nodular sclerosing

Best prognosis - hodgkins lymphoma?

Lymphocyte rich

Worst prognosis - hodgkins lymphoma?

Lymphocyte depleted

What type of lymphoma is associated with EBV?

Burkitts lymphoma

Monoclonal proteins IgG iGA and hence jones proteins?

Multiple myeloma

3 features of myeloma?

Renal dysfunction Hypercalcaemia Anaemia

Hyper segmented neutrophils?

B12 and folate deficiency

B12 and folate deficiency, which should you replace first?

B12

Parietal cell and intrinsic factor, sensitive or specific?

Parietal cell - more sensitive | Intrinsic factor - more specific

Inheritance of thalasaeamia?

Autosomal recseeive

Management of thalassaemia?

Regular transfusions or when unwell

Inheritance of sickle cell anaemia?

Autosomal recessive

% of HbS in sickle cell anaemia?

>80%

2 types of non Hodgkins lymphoma?

B cell and T cell

Types of High grade and low grade B cell non Hodgkins?

Low grade - follicular, marginal | High grade - bursts, diffuse large B cell

4 stages of Hodgkins?

1. single region 2. 2 nodes regions on same side of diaphragm 3. involvement of nodes on both sides of diaphragm 4. spread beyond nodes

Auer rods?

AML

typical age group for AML?

Elderly

BCR-ABL?

CML

What type of leukaemia are tyrosine kinase inhibitors used?

CML - imantinib

Definition or remission in acute leukaemia?

<5% blasts

Rouleaux?

Myeloma

Jak2?

Polycythaemia rubra vera (also essential thrombocythaemia)

Treatment of polycthaemia?

Venesect

Most common leukaemia in adults?

CLL

Which factor does LMWH inhibit?

Length of warfarin in provoked and unprovoked VTE?

Provoked - 3 months | Unprovoked - 6 months

Anti cardio lipin antibody?

Anti phospholipid syndrome

Anti CCP?

VW disease - APTT and bleeding time?

APTT - prolonged | Bleeding time - prolonged

Haemophilia - APTT and bleeding time?

APTT - prolonged | Bleeding time - normal

What is factor V Leiden?

Activated protein C resistance

Treatment of essential thrombocytosis?

Aspirin and hydroxyurea

What malignancy does HIV increased the risk of?

Non Hodgkins lymphoma

Tumour lysis syndrome?

Burkitts

Cell abnormality in CLL?

Lymphocytosis - increased in lymphocytes - not other types

3 steps in management of major bleeding on warfarin?

Stop warfarin Vitamin K Prothrombin complex concentrate

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in Warfarin?

PT - increased | All others normal

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in Aspirin?

Bleeding time prolonged | All others normal

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in Heparin?

PT and APTT increased | Others normal

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in DIC?

PT, APTT, bleeding time - increased | Platelets - decreased

Deficient factor in Haemophillia A?

VIII

Factor in Haemophilia B?

PT, APTT, bleeding time in haemophilia?

APTT - prolonged | PT and needling time - normal

What blood marker rises in pagets?

ALP

Most common proteins in myeloma?

IgG, IgA, IgD

What symptoms are associated with a poor prognosis in lymphoma?

B symptoms

What else is Factor V leiden called?

Protein C resistance

What drugs should you withhold in an AKI?

NSAIDS