4th Year Haematology

Question 1

2 causes of Microcytic anaemia?

Answer 1

Iron deficiency

Thalassaemia

Question 2

What causes macrocytic anaemia?

Answer 2

Failure of nuclear maturation, failure to get smaller

Question 3

2 causes of Macrocytic anaemia?

Answer 3

B12 and folate deficiency

Question 4

What is the most common cause of macrocytic anaemia?

Answer 4

Prenicious anaemia

Question 5

2 conditions associated with pernicious anaemia?

Answer 5

Atrophic gastritis and hypothyroidism

Question 6

2 anti bodies seen in pernicious anaemia?

Answer 6

Anti gastric parietal cell anti bodies

Anti intrinsic factor

Question 7

What is given as the treatment for pernicious anaemia?

Answer 7

Hydroxycobalamin

Question 8

What causes koilonychia?

Answer 8

Iron deficiency anaemia

Question 9

What sort of anaemia is seen in anaemia of chronic disease?

Answer 9

Mild normocytic anaemia

Ferritin normal or increased

Question 10

What is sideroblastic anaemia?

Answer 10

Microcytic, ineffective erythropoiesis, congenital or x linked

Question 11

Cause of howell jolly bodies?

Answer 11

Post splenectomy and hyposplenism

Question 12

Teat Drop red cells?

Answer 12

Extramedually haemopoiesis, myelofibrosis

Question 13

Cause of Macrocytosis without anaemia?

Answer 13

alcohol

Question 14

What does a positive direct anti globulin test mean?

Answer 14

Immune cause of haemolysis

Question 15

Heinz bodies?

Answer 15

G6PD deficiency

Question 16

Bite cells?

Answer 16

G6PD deficiency

Question 17

How is G6PD deficiency inherited?

Answer 17

X linked

Question 18

How is hereditary spherocytosis?

Answer 18

Auto soma dominant

Question 19

Target cells?

Answer 19

Hyposplenism, iron deficiency

Question 20

Shistochytes?

Answer 20

Intravascular haemolysis

Question 21

What is the most common cause of thrombophilia?

Answer 21

Factor V leiden

Question 22

3 features of von willebrand management?

Answer 22

Tranexamic acid
Desmopressin
Factor VIII concentrate

Question 23

What virus causes a sickle cell aplastic crisis?

Answer 23

Parvovirus

Question 24

Philadelphia chromosome - 9:22?

Answer 24

CML

Question 25

Reed steenburg cells?

Answer 25

Hodgkins lymphoma

Question 26

Most common cause of hodgkins lymphoma?

Answer 26

Nodular sclerosing

Question 27

Best prognosis - hodgkins lymphoma?

Answer 27

Lymphocyte rich

Question 28

Worst prognosis - hodgkins lymphoma?

Answer 28

Lymphocyte depleted

Question 29

What type of lymphoma is associated with EBV?

Answer 29

Burkitts lymphoma

Question 30

Monoclonal proteins IgG iGA and hence jones proteins?

Answer 30

Multiple myeloma

Question 31

3 features of myeloma?

Answer 31

Renal dysfunction Hypercalcaemia Anaemia

Question 32

Hyper segmented neutrophils?

Answer 32

B12 and folate deficiency

Question 33

B12 and folate deficiency, which should you replace first?

Answer 33

B12

Question 34

Parietal cell and intrinsic factor, sensitive or specific?

Answer 34

Parietal cell - more sensitive | Intrinsic factor - more specific

Question 35

Inheritance of thalasaeamia?

Answer 35

Autosomal recseeive

Question 36

Management of thalassaemia?

Answer 36

Regular transfusions or when unwell

Question 37

Inheritance of sickle cell anaemia?

Answer 37

Autosomal recessive

Question 38

% of HbS in sickle cell anaemia?

Answer 38

>80%

Question 39

2 types of non Hodgkins lymphoma?

Answer 39

B cell and T cell

Question 40

Types of High grade and low grade B cell non Hodgkins?

Answer 40

Low grade - follicular, marginal | High grade - bursts, diffuse large B cell

Question 41

4 stages of Hodgkins?

Answer 41

1. single region 2. 2 nodes regions on same side of diaphragm 3. involvement of nodes on both sides of diaphragm 4. spread beyond nodes

Question 42

Auer rods?

Answer 42

AML

Question 43

typical age group for AML?

Answer 43

Elderly

Question 44

BCR-ABL?

Answer 44

CML

Question 45

What type of leukaemia are tyrosine kinase inhibitors used?

Answer 45

CML - imantinib

Question 46

Definition or remission in acute leukaemia?

Answer 46

<5% blasts

Question 47

Rouleaux?

Answer 47

Myeloma

Question 48

Jak2?

Answer 48

Polycythaemia rubra vera (also essential thrombocythaemia)

Question 49

Treatment of polycthaemia?

Answer 49

Venesect

Question 50

Most common leukaemia in adults?

Answer 50

CLL

Question 51

Which factor does LMWH inhibit?

Answer 51

Xa

Question 52

Length of warfarin in provoked and unprovoked VTE?

Answer 52

Provoked - 3 months | Unprovoked - 6 months

Question 53

Anti cardio lipin antibody?

Answer 53

Anti phospholipid syndrome

Question 54

Anti CCP?

Answer 54

RA

Question 55

VW disease - APTT and bleeding time?

Answer 55

APTT - prolonged | Bleeding time - prolonged

Question 56

Haemophilia - APTT and bleeding time?

Answer 56

APTT - prolonged | Bleeding time - normal

Question 57

What is factor V Leiden?

Answer 57

Activated protein C resistance

Question 58

Treatment of essential thrombocytosis?

Answer 58

Aspirin and hydroxyurea

Question 59

What malignancy does HIV increased the risk of?

Answer 59

Non Hodgkins lymphoma

Question 60

Tumour lysis syndrome?

Answer 60

Burkitts

Question 61

Cell abnormality in CLL?

Answer 61

Lymphocytosis - increased in lymphocytes - not other types

Question 62

3 steps in management of major bleeding on warfarin?

Answer 62

Stop warfarin Vitamin K Prothrombin complex concentrate

Question 63

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in Warfarin?

Answer 63

PT - increased | All others normal

Question 64

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in Aspirin?

Answer 64

Bleeding time prolonged | All others normal

Question 65

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in Heparin?

Answer 65

PT and APTT increased | Others normal

Question 66

PT, APTT, bleeding time and platelets in DIC?

Answer 66

PT, APTT, bleeding time - increased | Platelets - decreased

Question 67

Deficient factor in Haemophillia A?

Answer 67

VIII

Question 68

Factor in Haemophilia B?

Answer 68

IX

Question 69

PT, APTT, bleeding time in haemophilia?

Answer 69

APTT - prolonged | PT and needling time - normal

Question 70

What blood marker rises in pagets?

Answer 70

ALP

Question 71

Most common proteins in myeloma?

Answer 71

IgG, IgA, IgD

Question 72

What symptoms are associated with a poor prognosis in lymphoma?

Answer 72

B symptoms

Question 73

What else is Factor V leiden called?

Answer 73

Protein C resistance

Question 74

What drugs should you withhold in an AKI?

Answer 74

NSAIDS