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Haematology > Formative and Others > Flashcards

Formative and Others Flashcards

1
Q

In what condition is HbS seen?

A

Sickle cell anaemia

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2
Q

In what condition is HbA2 seen?

A

Beta thalassamia

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3
Q

In what condition would you see polychromasia and red cells with a loss of central pallor?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

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4
Q

What is the treatment for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

Steroids

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5
Q

How would you investigate a possible beta or alpha that trait?

A

Haemoglobin analysis

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6
Q

What gene should be investigated in suspected polycythaemia rub vera?

A

Jak 2

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7
Q

What does an excess of blasts suggest and how would you investigate?

A

Acute leukaemia

Immunophenotyping

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8
Q

What does rituximab act on?

A

CD20 in B cell lymphoma

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9
Q

How does imantinib work?

A

Tyrosine kinase inhbitor

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10
Q

How does aspirin work?

A

Inactivates cyclooxygenase

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11
Q

In what condition would you see macroovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils?

A

Pernicious anaemia

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12
Q

In what condition are auer rods seen?

A

Acute myeloid leukaemia

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13
Q

In what condition would you see excess and abnormal platelets?

A

Essential thrombocythaemia

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14
Q

In what condition are bence jones proteins seen?

A

Multiple myeloma

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15
Q

What do monocytes look like?

A

Horse shoe shaped nucleus - grey cytoplasm with vacuoles

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16
Q

What pathway is affected in prolonged APPT and PT times?

A

APPT - intrinsic pathway

PT - extrinsic - VII

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17
Q

What billiard condition does chronic haemolysis predispose you to?

A

Gall stones

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18
Q

How is hereditary spherocytosis inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

19
Q

What genes are translocated in follicular lymphoma and what gene does this move?

A

14:18

Bcl-2

20
Q

What genes are translocated in burkitt’s lymphoma and what gene does this move?

A

8:14

c-myc

21
Q

What virus is associated with burrkit’s lymphoma?

A

EBV

22
Q

How often should B12 injections be given in pernicious anaemia?

A

3x per week for 2 weeks
Monthly for 3 months
Every 3 months

23
Q

What is the lifespan of sick RBC’s?

A

10-20 days

24
Q

What virus may cause aplastic crisis in sickle cell?

A

Parvovirus B19

25
Q

What does hydroxyurea do in sick cells disease?

A

Increases concentration of HbF

26
Q

What is the target warfarin INR?

A

2-2.5

27
Q

When should you aim for a higher warfarin target?

A

In recurrent thrombosis and prosthetic valves

28
Q

What are the 3 features of plummer vinson syndrome?

A

Oesophageal webs
Glossitis
Iron deficiency anaemia

29
Q

What antibodies are present in idiopathic thrombocytopenia?

A

Anti platelet antibodies

30
Q

PT, APTT and platlets in warfarin therapy?

A

PT - prolonged
APTT - normal
Platelets - normal

31
Q

PT, APTT and platlets in DIC?

A

PT - prolonged
APTT - prolonged
Platelets - decreased

32
Q

PT, APTT and platlets in Thrombocytopenia?

A

PT - normal
APTT - normal
Platelets - decreased

33
Q

PT, APTT and platlets in haemophilia?

A

PT - normal
APTT - prolonged
Platelets - normal

34
Q

PT, APTT and platlets in von Willebrand?

A

PT - normal
APTT - prolonged
Platelets - normal

35
Q

What is the commonest cause of macrocytosis?

A

Alcohol

36
Q

What are the two most common causes of iron deficiency?

A

Menstrual bleeding

GI bleeding

37
Q

How long after an acute bleed does reticulocytosis take to appear?

A

1-2 days

38
Q

What causes febrile non haemolytic transfusion reactions?

A

White cell antibodies

Hypersensitivity to donor plasma proteins

39
Q

What mode if inheritance is G6PD deficiency?

A

X linked recessive

40
Q

What is the characteristic blood film appearance in G6PD deficiency?

A

Heinz bodies

41
Q

How might a patient with G6PD present in childhood?

A

Neonatal jaundice

42
Q

What is the most common type of hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Nodular sclerosing

43
Q

Name 3 B symptoms of lymphoma?

A

Weight loss
Fever
Night sweats

44
Q

In what condition is basophilic stippling seen?

A

Lead poisoning

Haematology (5 decks)

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