Formative and Others Flashcards
In what condition is HbS seen?
Sickle cell anaemia
In what condition is HbA2 seen?
Beta thalassamia
In what condition would you see polychromasia and red cells with a loss of central pallor?
Hereditary spherocytosis
What is the treatment for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?
Steroids
How would you investigate a possible beta or alpha that trait?
Haemoglobin analysis
What gene should be investigated in suspected polycythaemia rub vera?
Jak 2
What does an excess of blasts suggest and how would you investigate?
Acute leukaemia
Immunophenotyping
What does rituximab act on?
CD20 in B cell lymphoma
How does imantinib work?
Tyrosine kinase inhbitor
How does aspirin work?
Inactivates cyclooxygenase
In what condition would you see macroovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils?
Pernicious anaemia
In what condition are auer rods seen?
Acute myeloid leukaemia
In what condition would you see excess and abnormal platelets?
Essential thrombocythaemia
In what condition are bence jones proteins seen?
Multiple myeloma
What do monocytes look like?
Horse shoe shaped nucleus - grey cytoplasm with vacuoles
What pathway is affected in prolonged APPT and PT times?
APPT - intrinsic pathway
PT - extrinsic - VII
What billiard condition does chronic haemolysis predispose you to?
Gall stones
How is hereditary spherocytosis inherited?
Autosomal dominant
What genes are translocated in follicular lymphoma and what gene does this move?
14:18
Bcl-2
What genes are translocated in burkitt’s lymphoma and what gene does this move?
8:14
c-myc
What virus is associated with burrkit’s lymphoma?
EBV
How often should B12 injections be given in pernicious anaemia?
3x per week for 2 weeks
Monthly for 3 months
Every 3 months
What is the lifespan of sick RBC’s?
10-20 days
What virus may cause aplastic crisis in sickle cell?
Parvovirus B19
What does hydroxyurea do in sick cells disease?
Increases concentration of HbF
What is the target warfarin INR?
2-2.5
When should you aim for a higher warfarin target?
In recurrent thrombosis and prosthetic valves
What are the 3 features of plummer vinson syndrome?
Oesophageal webs
Glossitis
Iron deficiency anaemia
What antibodies are present in idiopathic thrombocytopenia?
Anti platelet antibodies
PT, APTT and platlets in warfarin therapy?
PT - prolonged
APTT - normal
Platelets - normal
PT, APTT and platlets in DIC?
PT - prolonged
APTT - prolonged
Platelets - decreased
PT, APTT and platlets in Thrombocytopenia?
PT - normal
APTT - normal
Platelets - decreased
PT, APTT and platlets in haemophilia?
PT - normal
APTT - prolonged
Platelets - normal
PT, APTT and platlets in von Willebrand?
PT - normal
APTT - prolonged
Platelets - normal
What is the commonest cause of macrocytosis?
Alcohol
What are the two most common causes of iron deficiency?
Menstrual bleeding
GI bleeding
How long after an acute bleed does reticulocytosis take to appear?
1-2 days
What causes febrile non haemolytic transfusion reactions?
White cell antibodies
Hypersensitivity to donor plasma proteins
What mode if inheritance is G6PD deficiency?
X linked recessive
What is the characteristic blood film appearance in G6PD deficiency?
Heinz bodies
How might a patient with G6PD present in childhood?
Neonatal jaundice
What is the most common type of hodgkins lymphoma?
Nodular sclerosing
Name 3 B symptoms of lymphoma?
Weight loss
Fever
Night sweats
In what condition is basophilic stippling seen?
Lead poisoning
