Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomedical Science > Haematology Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Haematology Lecture 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is haematology

A

The study of the normal and pathological aspects of blood and blood elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List disorders that affect blood

A

➢ Bleeding disorders
➢Haematological malignancies ➢Haemoglobinopathies
➢ Blood transfusion
➢Bone marrow and stem cell transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are all blood cells produced

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of tissue is blood

A

Connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Physical characteristics of blood

A

➢Sticky, opaque fluid with metallic taste
➢Colour varies with O2 content High O2 - scarlet; low O2 - dark red
➢pH 7.35–7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of blood is dark red and why

A

Venous as it has less oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of blood is bright red

A

Arterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Role of blood

A

-transport
-regulation
-protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Role of blood:transport

A

-Delivering O2 and nutrients to body cells
-Transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination
-Transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of the blood:regulation

A

-Maintaining body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat eg vasoconstriction or dilution
-Maintaining normal pH using buffers; alkaline reserve of bicarbonate ions
-Maintaining adequate fluid volume in circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functions of the blood:protection

A

-Prevents excess blood loss following injury
Due to Platelets and Plasma proteins
-prevents infection due to white blood cells(leukocytes), antibodies,complement proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood composition

A

-erythrocytes
<45% of whole blood(haematocrit)
<most dense component due to globular proteins

-buffy coat
<1%of whole blood contains the leukocytes and platelets

-plasma
<55% of whole blood
<least dense component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is plasma composed of

A

-Water
-Ions
-Organic molecules such as amino acids,proteins,glucose,lipids or nitrogenous waste
-trace elements and vitamins
-gases such as co2 and o2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are albumins

A

-Protein made in the liver
-It also helps move hormones, medicines, vitamins, and other important substances throughout the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are globulins

A

which help fight infection and move nutrients throughout the body. Some globulins are made by the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are fibrinogen

A

Function is coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are cellular element composed of

A

-Red blood cells
-white blood cells which include lymphocytes,monocytes,neutrophils,eosinophils,
basophils
-platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is haematocrit

A

Represents the % of erythrocytes in whole blood
42% in female and 47 in men

19
Q

What are leukocytes

A

-sense infections
-make up to <1% of total blood volume
-the function is defuse against disease
-can leave capillaries via diapedesis
-move through tissue spacers by ameboid motion and positive chemotaxis

20
Q

Types of phagocytes

A

Neutrophil
Monocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil

21
Q

What is in the granules of basophils

A

Histamine

22
Q

Role of b cells

A

Secretion of antibodies

23
Q

Role of natural killer cells

A

Lysis of virally infected cells and tumour cells

24
Q

Role of t helper cells

A

Release cytokines and growth factors that regulate other immune cells

25
Q

Role of cytotoxic T cells

A

Lysis of virally infected cells tumour cells as well as allografts

26
Q

Role of b cells

A

Secretion of antibodies

27
Q

Abundance of leukocytes in the blood

A

Never let monkeys eat bananas
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

28
Q

Erythrocytes

A

-most abundant cell in body
-red blood cells dedicated to respiratory gas transport (specialised to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide|)
-major factor contributing to blood viscosity
-life span 120 days
-filled with haemoglobin for gas transport

29
Q

Structural characteristics of erythrocytes

A

-biconcave disc
-anucleate
-no mitochondria or ribosomes
-no organelles

30
Q

How do erythrocytes produce energy

A

-no mitochondria so can’t produce atp
-do it through the em den Meyerhof glycolytic pathway(anaerobic respiration)

31
Q

Glycolysis

A

Make notes

32
Q

Red cell membrane

A

-lipid bilayer
-alpha and beta spectrum which provided flexibility to change shape(its below plasma membrane)

33
Q

Haemoglobin structure

A

-binds reversibly with oxygen
-glob is a large protein composed of 4 polypeptide chains(tetramer)
-2 alpha and 2 beta chains
-each red blood cells contain 200-300 million he molecules
-normal values:m 130-180g/l , f 120-160g/l
-each contains a haem-iron complex

34
Q

Featal haemoglobin

A

Has 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains as it has a higher affinity for oxygen

35
Q

What is haemoglobin made of

A

Organic part of protoporphyrin ring made up of four pyrrole rings and central iron ion In the ferrous state

36
Q

How many molecules of oxygen can heamoglobin transport

A

4 o2 molecules

37
Q

O2 loading in lungs

A

-produces oxyhemoglobin (ruby red)
-in the lungs 02 abundant
-by picks up 4 molecules of o2 and becomes saturated

38
Q

O2 unloading in tissues

A

-the tissues have a lower amount of 02 and therefore it released from HB
-produces deoxyhaemoglobin or reduced haemoglobin (dark red)
-the tissues/muscles produce co2 which reduces affinity for oxygen as it makes it more acidic which causes 02 to be released

39
Q

Co operative oxygen loading

A

-first oxygen that binds changes the tertiary structure which makes it easier for other oxygen molecules to bind

40
Q

What is a tetramer

A

Polymer consisting of 4 monomers

41
Q

What is a ferrous state of iron

A

Fe2+

42
Q

What is diapedesis

A

How white blood cells move out of the circulatory system and towards the side of tissue damage or infection

43
Q

Ameboid motion

A

Crawling like cell migration

44
Q

Positive chemotaxis

A

Movement of cellos towards a higher contraction of a stimulating substance(attractant)

Biomedical Science (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions