Clinical Chemistry 1

Question 1

Clinical chemistry definition

Answer 1

“biochemical analysis of bodily fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes”

Question 2

Homeostatic disorders

Answer 2

acid-base balance
fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 3

Endocrine disorders

Answer 3

hypersecretion hyposecretion hormone resistance

Question 4

Inherited / Genetic Disorders:

Answer 4

enzyme deficiency
receptor deficiency

Question 5

Nutritional Disorders:

Answer 5

nutrient deficiency
nutrient excess

Question 6

Syndrome of inappropriate adh secretion

Answer 6

Causes:
 malignancy eg lung cancer
 drugs eg chloropropamide
Consequence:
 inappropriate ADH secretion

Clinical
-low urine output
-low blood sodium

Treatment:
-restricted water intake
-treat underlying Cause

Question 7

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 7

Causes:
 inadequate insulin secretion
 insulin resistance

Consequence:
 high blood glucose

Clinical:
 polyuria / polydipsia
 eye disease
 kidney damage
 delayed wound-healing  infections
 nervous tissue damage  heart attacks / stroke

Treatment:
 insulin therapy
 dietary

Question 8

Genetic disorders: Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency

Answer 8

Cause:
 genetic defect

Consequence:
 glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency

Clinical:
 hypoglycaemia  hepatomegaly  lactic acidosis

Treatment:
 frequent intake of glucose

Question 9

Nutritional disorders disorders:vitamin d deficiency

Answer 9

Sources:
 food
 skin (by action of sunlight)
Functions:
 absorption of calcium
 absorption of phosphate

Causes:
 dietary deficiency  lack of sunlight
 malabsorption
Consequence:
 decreased bone mineralisation

Clinical:
 bone pain
 loss of height
 bone deformation
 rickets (children)
 osteomalacia (adults)
Treatment:
 vitamin D supplementation  treat cause