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24- Blood and blood vessels > Haematology and Anaemia > Flashcards

Haematology and Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is a microhaematocrit

A

Procedure for determining the ratio of the volume of packed RBCs to the volume of whole blood via centrifugation

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2
Q

What would you see from a haematocrit of a patient suffering from dehydartion

A

Higher percentage of erythrocytes, due to swelling of RBCs

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3
Q

What would you see from a haematocrit from a patient with Bilirubinaemia (or jaundice)

A

Lower percentage of RBCs and yellow plasma

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4
Q

What would you see from a haematocrit from a patient with haemolysis

A

a red colour in the plasma

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5
Q

What would you see in the haematocrit of a patient with lipaemia

A

A grey colour to the plasma

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6
Q

What would you see in the haematocrit of a patient suffering from leucocytosis or thrombocytosis

A

A larger buffy coat

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7
Q

What is the coulter principle

A

The Coulter method of sizing and counting particles is based on measurable changes in electrical impedance produced by nonconductive particles suspended in an electrolyte

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8
Q

What are the measured values of RBCs, Mean Corpusuclar volume (MCV), Platelets, WBCs and Haemoglobin?

A

RBCs=absolute number per litre
MCV=average volume of the RBCs
Platelets&WBCs=Absolute number per litre
Haemoglobin=amount of haemoglobin in blood (g/l)

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9
Q

How is haematocrit calculated

A

HCT= Mean cell volume x red blood cell count / 100

MCV= average size of RBCs

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10
Q

What is mean corpuscular haemoglobin

A

Average amount of haemoglobin per RBC, in picograms (pg)

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11
Q

How is MCH calculated

A

MCH pg= Hb x 10/ RBC count

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12
Q

What is mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)?

A

Average concentration of haemoglobin in the cells relative to size/ volume of cell

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13
Q

How is MCHC calculated

A

MCHC g/dl = Hb x 100/Hct

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14
Q

What are limitations of automated systems when calculating haematocrit, MCH ect

A
  1. They will not give reliable differential white cell counts
  2. Occasionally small RBCs will be undercounted and counted as platelets
  3. Large platelets may get counted as RBCs
  4. Can’t ID RBC morphology, WBC Morphology or blood parasites
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15
Q

What are some common problems with blood samples

A
  • correct tube selection
  • clotting
  • haemolysis
  • appropriate tube filling
  • lipaemia
  • Labelling correctly
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16
Q

Why is microscopic examination of blood smears an essential skill

A

Differential leucocyte counts

  • Erythrocyte and leucocyte morphology
  • presence of abnormal cells and parasites
  • platelet counts
  • low cost
17
Q

What is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

It is used to monitor or rule out inflammatory infective conditions. ESR also indicates the extent of inflammation and infection in rheumatic fever.
Larger aggregates sediment more rapidly

18
Q

What can a total iron binding capacity test tell you

A

It can be used as an indirect measure of the amount of transferrin in the blood

19
Q

What is anaemia

A

Reduced haemoglobin concentration or amount of circulating erythrocytes, meaning a lower oxygen carrying capasity in the blood

20
Q

What 3 variables can define anaemia

A
  • Total haemoglobin
  • PCV or haematocrit
  • RBC count
21
Q

How can chronic renal failure cause anaemia

A

Due to the reduction in EPO production in the kidneys

22
Q

What does Macrocytic, Normocytic and Microcytic mean with regards to RBC morphology (MCV) during anaemia?

A 
Macrocytic = increased RBC size
Normocytic = RBC size normal
Microcytic = decreased RBC size
23
Q

What does Hypochromic, Normochromic and Hyperchromic mean with reagrds to haemoglobin content (MCHC) during anaemia?

A

What does Hypochromic, Normochromic and Hyperchromic mean with reagrds to haemoglobin content (MCHC) during anaemia?

24
Q

Describe the bone marrow response in regards to reticulocyte count during anaemia?

A 
Regenerative = increase in reticulocyte count
Non-regenerative = normal - low
25
Q

Why does an increase in reticulocytes lead to and increase in MCV and a decrese in MCHC?

A

Reticulocytes are bigger than RBCs

Reticulocytes have less haemoglobin that RBCs

24- Blood and blood vessels (9 decks)

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