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MEH Glossary > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Define haemopoeisis

A

The production of blood cells in the bone marrow

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2
Q

Define haemoglobin

A

A tetramer of 2 pairs of globin chains, each with their own ham group
Found in erythrocytes
Deliver oxygen to issues

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3
Q

Define cytopenia

A

A general term for a low amount of cells
Umbrella term

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4
Q

Define -cytosis or -philia

A

An increase in

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5
Q

Define -penia

A

A decrease in

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6
Q

Define neutropilia

A

An increase in the number ofcirculating neutrophils

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7
Q

Define neutropenia

A

When the neutrophil count is less than 1.5 x 10^9/L

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8
Q

Define monocyte

A

Largest cells in the blood
Phagocyte
Role in making antigen presenting cells
Made from myeloid precursor

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9
Q

Define eosinophil

A

Mediator of allergic responses
Immune response against multicellular parasites

Made from granulocyte progenitors

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10
Q

Define basophil

A

Least common
Contains histanun, serotonin and heparin
Made from granulocyte progenitors

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11
Q

Define lymphocyte

A

Immune cells that originate in the bone morrow and detterenciale into b,t and natural killer cells
Made from hempcytoblasts

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12
Q

Define reticuloendothelial system

A

Part of immune system
Made up of monocytes on blood and a network of tissues containing phagocytic cells
Main organs arethespleen and liver

Role is to reman dead er damaged cells and to identity and destroy foreign antigens in blood and tissues

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13
Q

Define the spleen

A

Organ in RES
Contains Red and white pulp
Removes abnormal red cells
Pools blood and platelets

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14
Q

Define spelnomegaly

A

Enlarged spleen
Caused by haemolytic anaemia, sickle cell, portal hypertension

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15
Q

Define hyposplenism

A

Hack of functioning splenic tissue

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16
Q

Define haematocrit

A

Red blood cell layer

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17
Q

Define plasma

A

Contains water, proteins, nutrients w hormones

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18
Q

Define buffy coat

A

Contains white blood cells and platelets

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19
Q

Define reticulocyte

A

Immature red blood cell

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20
Q

Define MCV

A

Mean cell volume

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21
Q

Define microcytic

A

Smaller

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22
Q

Define macrocytic

A

Larger RBC

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23
Q

Define anisocytosis

A

Variation in size of RBC
Causes-
Haemolytic anemic, iron deficiency anaemia, sickle cell,

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24
Q

Define hypochromic

A

Pale with less haemoglobin
Caused by iron deficiency

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25
Define hyperchromic
Dense with more haemoglobin in given volume Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency
26
Define dimorphism
Two distinct population of red blood cells Occurs post transfusion
27
Define polychromatic
More immature red blood cells than what’s considered normal
28
Define poikilocytosis
Abnormally shaped/range of shapes of RBC
29
Define Spherocytosis
Spherical RBC
30
Define elliptocytosis
Oval/elliptical RBC
31
Define echino, acantho and kerato cytes
Spiculated cells (spiked)
32
Define schistocytes
RBC fragments
33
Define sickle cell
Crescent/sickle shaped cells seen in sickle cell disease
34
Define target cells
AKA Codocyte Outside and centre of RBC are dark and haemoglobinated
35
Define blister cells
Empty pocket at the edge of the red cell Consistent with oxidative haemolysis/G6PD deficiency
36
Define Howell-jolly bodies
DNA/Nuclear fragments
37
Define basophillic stippling
RNA Inclusions
38
Define pappenheimer bodies
Iron inclusions
39
Define Heinz bodies
Denatured haemoglobin aggregates
40
Define Haemoglobin H inclusions
Beta chain tetramers Found in severe alpha thalassaemia
41
Define anaemia
Concentration of Haemoglobin is below normal
42
Define kolionychia
Spoon shaped nails found in iron deficiency anaemia
43
Define angular stomatitis
Inflammation of corners of the mouth Seen in iron deficiency
44
Define glossitis
Inflammation and depapillation of tongue Vitamin b12 deficiency
45
Define megaloblastic anaemia
B12 and folate deficiency
46
Define macronormoblastic erythropoisis
Erythroblats are larger than normal and give rise to larger red cells
47
Define folate
Aka folic acid Required for the synthesis of nucleotide bases required for DNA and RNA synthesis
48
Define B12
A water soluble vitamin An essential cofactor for DNA synthesis Required enrythropoeisis
49
Define haemoglobinopathies
inherited blood disorders affecting haemoglobin
50
Define thalassaemia
Reduced or absent expression of Normal globin chains Can be alpha or beta
51
Define sickle cell disease
Abnormal globin chain variants with altered stability and/or function Mutated B globin protein referred to as HbS Deformable - occlusion
52
Define haemolytic anaemia
Can be acquired or inherited Abnormal breakdown of red blood cells Can be intra or extra vascular (blood vessels or spleen) Increases reticulocyte production Acquired from damage to cells e.g autoimmune or physical or chemical damage Inherited from e.g G6PDH deficiency leading to oxidative damage, membrane protein defects e.g spherocytosis or sickle cell
53
Define pyropoikilocytosis
Form of haemolytic anaemia Caused by an inc. sensitivity to heat Severe form of elliptocytosis Spectrin defect
54
Define autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Antibodies produced to destroy self RBC
55
Define ferrous iron
Fe 2+
56
Define ferric iron
Fe 3+
57
Define functional iron
Available iron Not stored as ferritin or haemosiderin
58
Define stored iron
Not available for use Ferritin - globular protein with hollow core and pores for iron to enter - soluble Haemosiderin - aggregates of clumped ferritin, denatured proteins and lipids In macrofagues. Non soluble
59
Define anaemia of chronic disease
Hepcidin results in functional iron deficiency Anaemia of inflammation Cytokines released by immune system which increases hepcidin production which inhibits ferroportin - decreases iron release from RES and absorption from gut - less plasma iron - less erythropoiesis
60
Define MCHC
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
61
Define transfusion associated haemosiderosis
Accumulation of iron in body due to frequent blood transfusions
62
Define hereditary haemochromostosis
Inherited condition where iron levels in the body slowly build up over many years
63
Define myeloproliferative neoplasm
Over production of one or several blood elements Dominance of a transformed clone - fulls up space in bone marrow Can transform into leukemia
64
Define polycythaemia Vera
Increase in circulating red blood cell conc. raised haematocrit Bone marrow over production due to genetic mutation Primary absolute polythemia Secondary is driven by erythropoietin so not cancerous - as a response to hypoxia
65
Define essential thrombocythaemia
Too many platelets Can have too many and too big megakaryocytes too
66
Define myelofibrosis
Colonial haemopoietic stem cell proliferation Can result from polycythaemia Vera or essential thrombocythaemia Can also be primary - can also cause hypersplenism
67
Define chronic myeloid leukaemia
Cancer of white blood cells Unregulated growth of myeloid cells in bone marrow
68
Define DIC
Disseminated intravascular coagulation Blood clots form throughout body Blocks small blood vessels
69
Define leucoerythroblastic film
Immature forms of red and white blood cells Unregulated growth Granulocyte and erythroblasts Can be caused by myoproliferative neoplasms, leukemia

MEH Glossary (3 decks)

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