Haematology

Question 1

CML chromosome abnormality?

Answer 1

Translocation 9,22

Question 2

Chromosome abnormality in ALL?

Answer 2

T (4;11)

Question 3

3 phases of CML?

Answer 3

-chronic phase (easily controlled, near-normal life)
-accelerate phase (unstable course)
-Blast crisis (usually fatal)

Question 4

Malaria - what does temperature do during illness?

Answer 4

Spikes of fever each day - up and down

Question 5

Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats. Likely DX?

Answer 5

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 6

How does acute lymphocytic leukaemia present?

Answer 6

Purpura, bleeding, infection

Question 7

Antibodies in SLE?

Answer 7

Antinuclear antibodies

Question 8

Is Hodgkin’s or non-hodgkin’s lymphoma more common?
What is the most common non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 8

NHL is >5x as common as Hodgkin’s

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Question 9

What type of lymphoma is H pylori associated with?

Answer 9

Gastric MALT lymphoma

Question 10

Staging system for Lymphoma?

Answer 10

Ann Arbour

Question 11

Epidemiology of NHL?

Answer 11

White people are higher risk than black/Asian people
Median age of presentation = 50

Question 12

Whereabouts in lung does primary lesion of TB usually present?

Answer 12

Upper region of lung

Question 13

Sputum sample test to diagnose TB?

Answer 13

Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid-fast bacilli

Question 14

Treatment for ACTIVE TB?

Answer 14

RIPE for 4 months
Continue RI for 2 months

(Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide & ethambutol)

Question 15

Treatment for LATENT TB?

Answer 15

RI (rifampicin & isoniazid) for 3 months
OR
isoniazid alone for 6 months

Question 16

Screening skin test for latent TB?

Answer 16

Mantoux test

Question 17

What is Malaria and how is it spread?

Answer 17

Infection with Plasmodium Protozoa

Transmitted by female mosquitoes

Question 18

How long after infection, and with what symptoms, does Malaria present?

Answer 18

-weeks after exposure
-HEADACHE
-flu-like illness (fever, malaise, fatigue, body aches)
-may have diarrhoea/GI syx

Severe malaria - cerebral malaria, severe anaemia, renal failure, pulmonary oedema

Question 19

Standard to diagnose malaria?

Answer 19

Giemsa-stained thick and thin peripheral blood films/smears

Question 20

When after ingestion of Salmonella typhi does typhoid fever present?

Answer 20

7-14 days

Question 21

Symptoms of typhoid fever?

Answer 21

-rising temp over course of each day, drops by subsequent morning
-CONSTIPATION (abdo pain and constipation) from inflamed Peyer patches
-3rd week 1 - severe abdo distension, foul ‘pea-soup’ diarrhoea
-Blanching, truncal maculopapules

Question 22

Diagnosis of typhoid fever?

Answer 22

CULTURE isolation
(Can also culture bone marrow aspirate)

Question 23

How is Dengue spread?

Answer 23

Dengue virus is spread by mosquitoes

Question 24

How does Dengue present?

Answer 24

High fevers
FACIAL FLUSHING
bleeding
Abdo pain
Cardiomyopathy

Question 25

Serodiagnosis for Dengue?

Answer 25

Rise in antibody titre in paired igG or IgM specimens