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RW FY1 > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Anaemia, Leucopenia

Leucoerythroblastic film

Tear drop poikilocytes

Dx?

A

Myelofibrosis

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2
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma - translocation?

A

T8;14

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3
Q

CML - Translocation?

A

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

T9:22

BCL-ABL

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4
Q

Acute pro-myelocytic leukaemia - translocation?

A

Acute pro-myelocytic leukaemia

T15:17

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5
Q

Reed-Sternbeg cells

Which cell marker?

A

Reed-Sternbeg cells

CD15

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6
Q

Prevention of further sickle cell crises

A

Hydroxycarbamide (increases HbF production)

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7
Q

Oxygen dissociation curve

A
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8
Q

Target cells

A

Thalassaemia

Iron defiency

Liver disease / Alcohol

Post-splenectomy

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9
Q

Aplastic anaemia

Features

Cause

A

Pancytopenia

Bone marrow biopsy: Hypocellular bone marrow

Caused by Parvovirus B19

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10
Q

Types of haemolytic anaemia

A
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11
Q

HUS + TTP features

A

HUS + TTP features

  • MAHA (low Hb, schistocytes)
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • AKI (raised Cr)
  • +/- Fever
  • +/- CNS sign
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12
Q

Iron studies

IDA

AoCD

Thal trait

A
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13
Q

Pencil cells

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

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14
Q

Raised HbA2

A

Diagnostic for Beta thalassaemia

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15
Q

Anaemia + Hepatosplenomegaly

3-6 months old

Diagnosis?

A

Beta thalassaemia major

Transfusion dependent

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16
Q

MCH < 25

A

alpha thalssaemia

DNA analysis to confirm

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17
Q

Tear drop poikilocyte

A

Myelofibrosis

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18
Q

Causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency

  • Reduced intake - Vegan
  • IF - Pernicious anaemia
  • Terminal ileum - Crohn’s disease
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19
Q

G6PD features

Aetiology

Triggers

Features

Ix

A

G6PD

X linked recessive

  • Triggered by Fava beans / Moth balls / Nitrofurantoin
  • Fever
  • Haematuria

Ix: G6PD levels, Heinz bodies, reduced Haptoglobin

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20
Q

Causes of Warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Causes of Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

Warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

  • Idiopathic
  • CLL
  • RhA
  • SLE

Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

  • Mycoplasma
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21
Q

Herediatry spherocytosis inheritence

A

Autosomal dominant

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22
Q

Low Platelets

High FDP

High D dimer

Prolonged PT / APTT

Low Antithrombin / Protein C

Diagnosis?

A

DIC

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23
Q

Pancytopenia

Thromboembolic events

Haemolytic anaemia / Haemoglobinuria

But no RBC on Urine microscopu

Diagnosis? Cause? Ix?

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

–> Lack of complement regulatory GPI anchored proteins (CD55, CD59)

Ix: Flow cytometry + Fluorescent aerolysin

24
Q

JAK2 V617F

Associations

A

Polycythaemia rubra vera

JAK2 V617F

Raised Haematocrit

Associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome (hyperviscosity)

25
Q

APTT vs PT

What pathway

A

APPT intrinstic pathway

PT extrinsic pathway

26
Q

Recent viral infection

Low platelets (isolated abnormality)

Normal AP and APTT

Diagonsis? Ix?

A

Immune thrombocytonpenic purpura (ITP)

Ix: Diagnosis of exclusion

Anti-platelet antibody

Anti-Glp IIb antibody +ve | Anti-Glp IIIa antibody | Anti-Glp Ib complex antibody

27
Q

Prolonged APTT, normal PT

A

Haemophilia

28
Q

Prolonged or excessive bleeding after minor procedure (e.g. dental)

Diagnosis? Inheritence?

A

Von Willebrand disease

Autosomal dominant

29
Q

Myelodysplasia vs AML

Blasts

A

Myelodysplasia < 20% blasts

Acute leukaemia (AML/ALL) > 20% blasts

30
Q

TdT +ve

A

ALL (lymphoid)

31
Q

Auer rods = crystallised MP

A

AML (myeloid)

32
Q

Blasts in peripheral blood film

A

Acute leukaemia

33
Q

Down’s syndrome and Leukaemia

A

AML and Down’s syndrome

34
Q

Sudan black +ve

35
Q

Tx for APML

A

All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)

36
Q

T(15;17)

A

acute pro-myelocytic leukaemia (APML)

Good prognosis

37
Q

Children

Organ infiltration (Testicular, Thymic, Hepatosplenomegaly)

Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia

WCC high / low / normal

38
Q

t(9,22)

A

CML

t(9,22) –> BCR-ABL

Philadelphia chromosome

39
Q

Asymptomatic

Splenomegaly

Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia

Diagnosis? Complications?

A

CML

t(9,22) –> BCR-ABL –> Philadelphia chromosome

Complications: Blast crisis (CML –> AML/ALL)

40
Q

Teenager

Cervical or mediastinal lymphadenopathy

B symptoms (Fever, Night sweats, Weight loss)

Pruritis

Diagnosis? Characteristic?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Reed-sternbeg cell (CD 15 +ve)

41
Q

EBV

Hepatosplenomegaly

B symptoms

Diagnosis?

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

42
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma

Key features

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (NHL)

EBV

c-Myc overexpression

Due to t(8,14)

43
Q

HTLV-1

Flower cells

44
Q

Bence Jones protein +ve

NO bone pain

Hyperviscosity

A

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia

45
Q

T8:14

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

46
Q

T14:18

A

Follicular lymphoma

47
Q

T11:14

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

48
Q

Hypercalcaemia

AKI

Anaemia

Bone pain

Diagnosis? Ix?

A

Multiple myeloma

Protein electrophoresis: monoclonal band

Urinary: Bence Jones protein

49
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

Multilple Myeloma

50
Q

Monoclonal serum protein < 30g/L

No complications (CRAB)

A

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

51
Q

Monoclonal serum protein > 30g/L

No complications (CRAB)

A

Smouldering myeloma

52
Q

Ringed sideroblasts

Normal spleen

A

Myelodysplasia

53
Q

Leucoerythroblastic film

(reticulocytes + myelocytes)

A

Myelofibrosis or Bone marrow metastases

54
Q

wheal on rubbing

Flushing

Anaphylaxis

Diagnosis? Initial Ix? Definitive Ix?

A

Mastocytosis

Initial Ix –> urinary histamine

Definitive Ix –> Bone marrow biopsy (mast cell infiltration)

55
Q

Ix for sickle cell

A

Hb isoelectric focusing

56
Q

Tx to prevent sickle cell crises

A

Hydroxycarbamide

57
Q

Plasmapheresis S/E

A

Plasmapheresis S/E: Hypocalcaemia

  • Due to the presence of citrate used as an anticoagulant for the extracorporeal system
  • Citrate binds to calcium –> ↓ Ca2+

RW FY1 (15 decks)

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