Haematological Disorders Of The Neonate

Question 1

Anemia of prematurity

Answer 1

reduced levels of erythropoesis,
Treatment: supplement iron

Question 2

Polycytaemia

Answer 2

Excessive red blood cell levels causing reduced blood flow to organs
Cause: placental insufficiency
Signs: plethora/ cyanosis

Question 3

Vitamin k Deficiency bleeding

Answer 3

Haemorrhage caused by vitamin k deficiency.
Cause: placental insuffiency, deficient hepatic stores, limited dietary intake, limited gut flora.

Question 4

Types of VKDB

Answer 4

Early- mother on anticonvulsants
Classic- 2-6, not vitamin k prophylaxis
Late- 14-90, intracranial bleeding

Question 5

How does VKDB present

Answer 5

Haematemesis, oozing puncture sites, bleeding from umbilical site,
Abdominal distension

Question 6

RHD ISOIMMUNISATION

Answer 6

Foetal blood cells containing RH + antigen enter maternal blood stream. Maternal blood stream produces antibodies for this antibodies will attack further pregnancies.

Question 7

Kleihaer betke test

Answer 7

Detects foetal rbc in maternal circulation.

Question 8

Risk factors for PHD ISOIMMUNISATION

Answer 8

Previous pregnancy, delivery, amniocentesis, manual removal of placenta, eptopic pregnancy.

Question 9

Direct vs indirect Coombes test

Answer 9

Direct- detects the antibodies attached to the rbc
Indirect- detects the antibodies in the serum