H_Influence_of_systemic_disorders_on_the_Periodontium_21_12_2020

Question 1

Dextrostix

Answer 1

detect glucose in blood

Question 2

Clinistix

Answer 2

detect glucose in urine

Question 3

Oral Manifestations of DM

Answer 3

Xerostomia (dry mouth) mucosal dryness, cracking & cheilosis:
Due to the diabetic condition itself & medications.

Burning mouth and tongue:
Due to the dry mucosal surface that is easily irritated.

Enlargement of the parotid gland:
Due to alternation in its basement membrane.

Altered wound healing.

Increase incidence of infection: (fungal infection)

An increased rate of dental caries…. (why?)

Periodontal diseases, abscess & looseness of teeth.

Question 4

What is the problem in the hyperglycemic state?

Answer 4

Numerous proteins & matrix molecules undergo a non-enzymatic glycosylation, resulting in accumulated glycated end products (AGEs).

The formation of AGEs occurs at normal glucose levels as well, but in hyperglycemic environments, AGE formation is excessive.

AGEs influences on vascular endothelium, collagen metabolism & monocyte function.

Question 5

The periodontal putative pathogens were found to predominate in

Answer 5

the periodontal lesions of type 1 & type 2 DM.

Question 6

The prolonged uncontrolled diabetes (chronic hyperglycemia), is associated with several and long-term complications, including:

Answer 6

Retinopathy. 
Nephropathy.  
Neuropathy. 
Macrovascular diseases (cardiovascular & cerebrovascular). 
Poor wound healing.
Periodontal diseases.