H5. Porter

Question 1

Limitations on Guaranty fund coverage:

Answer 1

• Lines covered - most direct P/C policies if issued by insurers licensed to transact insurance in the state (excl. title, credit, mortgage, ocean marine, reinsurance, and surplus lines)
• Refunds of unearned premium, often with stated limit
• Maximum covered claim, except WC which is unlimited
• Claim deductible in addition to policy deductible
• Large net worth deductible
• Trigger of coverage - most state fund coverage only available for an insurer after a court has found it to be insolvent and placed in liquidation

Question 2

Purpose of Guaranty Funds:

Answer 2

Established to protect policyholders from inability of an

insolvent insurer to pay claims; and refund a portion of the UEPR

Question 3

2 Compliance Responsibilities of insurers regarding the Guaranty Funds:

Answer 3

1. Insurer can’t use the fact that the guaranty fund exists to
   help sell business
2. Needs to provide new policyholders with a guaranty fund disclaimer

Question 4

Explain how Guaranty Funds Are operated:

Answer 4

-All insurers selling lines covered by fund automatically
become members
-Assessments are commonly made on basis of premiums
written divided along lines of insurance
-Post insolvency assessment approach: claims estimated and assessments issued after the insolvency
-Insurers may pass on assessment costs to policyholders in their rates

Question 5

2 disadvantages of Guaranty Funds to insurer

Answer 5

1. Insurers are directly assessed for the operation of guaranty funds
2. Competition is distorted: Insurers that can aggressively
   market or loosely underwrite can gain a greater share of
   market (people will still purchase the insurance due to the
   Guaranty Fund protection)