H&S cancer

Question 1

What do EUROCARE studies do?

Answer 1

Collect data on the 5 year survival of cancer patients in different countries

Question 2

Why did the UK perform s badly in EUROCARE-II?

Answer 2

• Differences in data collection
• UK has an older population
• People with cancer present late run the UK
• Lower socioeconomic classes don’t access to services
• Poor access to treatment
• Delay in diagnostic pathways

Question 3

What was established and released as a result of EUROCARE-II?

Answer 3

The Calmine-Hine Report

Question 4

What were the aspects of the Calmine-Hine Framework ?

Answer 4

• Unacceptable variation in treatment quality between hospitals
• Services are disjointed and outcomes are poor
• Centralise care with primary care at the centre
• Ensure all patients have equal access to cancer services
• Educate public and professionals on recognising early signs
• Services should be patient centred
• Cancer registration and monitoring of outcomes is essential
• Psychosocial needs patients and carers recognised

Question 5

What came about due to the Calman-Hine report?

Answer 5

NHS 5 year cancer plan?

Question 6

What 3 levels is cancer care organised into in the UK?

Answer 6

• Primary care
• Cancer units
• Cancer centres

Question 7

Benefits of centralising cancer care?

Answer 7

• More cost effective
• Clinicians become more expert so patients have better outcomes
• Patients receive better, more holistic care for particular condition

Question 8

Issues with centralising cancer care?

Answer 8

• Some hospitals get neglected for resources and have worse care
• Cost of travelling for the patient

Question 9

What are the aims ofStrategic Cancer Networks?

Answer 9

• Reduce cancer incidence
• Maximise survival of cancer patients
• Enhance QoL for cancer patients and their families
• Improve patient experience of cancer services
• Provide high quality service that focus on the patient

Question 10

What do Strategic Cancer Networks do?

Answer 10

• Develop strategic plans for better care
• Implement national policy
• Deliver improvement in care
• Provide a channel for communication of services across the network
• Provide resources for audits and research

Question 11

What is the aim of the National Cancer Research Network?

Answer 11

Improve the speed, quality and integration of research into care, ultimately improving patient care

Question 12

What does the National Cancer Research Institute do?

Answer 12

Develops common plans for cancer research and to avoid the unnecessary duplication of studies/effort

Question 13

What are the roles of the National Cancer Research Institute?

Answer 13

• Invest in facilities and resources for research
• Maintain the research database and analyse new research
• Develop research initiatives
• Coordinate clinical trials forr drugs

Question 14

What were the 6 key areas for improvement in the Cancer Reform Strategy 2007?

Answer 14

• Prevention
• Early diagnosis
• Treatment being better
• Living with and beyond cancer
• Inequality reduction
• Delivering care in most appropriate setting

Question 15

What are the functions of cancer registries?

Answer 15

• Monitor trends in incidence, survival and variation between different groups
• Evaluate effectiveness of screening programmes
• Evaluate quality and outcomes of current care
• Evaluate impact of environmental and social facts on cancer risk

Question 16

Types of cancer survival times?

Answer 16

• Relative: compared to those without disease
• Observed: actual number following observational period
• Net: likelihood of surviving in absence of other illness
• Crude: probability of dying from cancer in presence of other disease

Question 17

What are examples of physical effects of cancer treatment that may damage mental health?

Answer 17

• Hair loss
• Mastectomy (may change self-image)
• Scars from surgery
  Weight loss or gain

Question 18

How does cancer diagnosis destroy a person’s assumptive world theory?

Answer 18

• Destruction of benevolence theory: not everything in the world is good
• Destroys belief that world is meaningful: bad things still happen to good people
• May change biography or identity
• New assumption of vulnerability
• Feeling of loss of control of fate

Question 19

Other psychological effects of cancer diagnosis?

Answer 19

• Family and friends forced to face their own mortality
• Uncertainty: life put on hold
• Worry about leaving people behind
• Grief
• Demanding physical aspects of chemo
• Stress of becoming carer or being cared for

Question 20

What is the order of global prevalence of caner?

Answer 20

1) Lung
2) Breast
3) Colorectal
4) Prostate

Question 21

What is the order of global death due to cancer?

Answer 21

1) Lung
2) Colorectal
3) Breast
4) Prostate

Question 22

What its the order of UK cancer burden?

Answer 22

1) Male: prostate/female: breast
2) Lung
3) Bowel

Question 23

What 2 cancers are decreasing in incidence in the UK?

Answer 23

• Bladder
• Lung (still increasing in women)

Question 24

What 2 cancers are increasing in incidence in the UK and why?

Answer 24

• Liver (increased alcohol intake/alcoholism)
• Melanoma (Increased holidays abroad)

Question 25

What is the order of most common childhood cancers in children?

Answer 25

• Leukaemia
• Brain/CNS
• Lymphomas

Question 26

What is the most common cancer in children?

Answer 26

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Question 27

What are the benefits of cancer MDTs?

Answer 27

• They streamline and coordinate care
• Care is not fragmented over over several sites
• This causes better outcomes