H&S cancer Flashcards
What do EUROCARE studies do?
Collect data on the 5 year survival of cancer patients in different countries
Why did the UK perform s badly in EUROCARE-II?
- Differences in data collection
- UK has an older population
- People with cancer present late run the UK
- Lower socioeconomic classes don’t access to services
- Poor access to treatment
- Delay in diagnostic pathways
What was established and released as a result of EUROCARE-II?
The Calmine-Hine Report
What were the aspects of the Calmine-Hine Framework ?
- Unacceptable variation in treatment quality between hospitals
- Services are disjointed and outcomes are poor
- Centralise care with primary care at the centre
- Ensure all patients have equal access to cancer services
- Educate public and professionals on recognising early signs
- Services should be patient centred
- Cancer registration and monitoring of outcomes is essential
- Psychosocial needs patients and carers recognised
What came about due to the Calman-Hine report?
NHS 5 year cancer plan?
What 3 levels is cancer care organised into in the UK?
- Primary care
- Cancer units
- Cancer centres
Benefits of centralising cancer care?
- More cost effective
- Clinicians become more expert so patients have better outcomes
- Patients receive better, more holistic care for particular condition
Issues with centralising cancer care?
- Some hospitals get neglected for resources and have worse care
- Cost of travelling for the patient
What are the aims ofStrategic Cancer Networks?
- Reduce cancer incidence
- Maximise survival of cancer patients
- Enhance QoL for cancer patients and their families
- Improve patient experience of cancer services
- Provide high quality service that focus on the patient
What do Strategic Cancer Networks do?
- Develop strategic plans for better care
- Implement national policy
- Deliver improvement in care
- Provide a channel for communication of services across the network
- Provide resources for audits and research
What is the aim of the National Cancer Research Network?
Improve the speed, quality and integration of research into care, ultimately improving patient care
What does the National Cancer Research Institute do?
Develops common plans for cancer research and to avoid the unnecessary duplication of studies/effort
What are the roles of the National Cancer Research Institute?
- Invest in facilities and resources for research
- Maintain the research database and analyse new research
- Develop research initiatives
- Coordinate clinical trials forr drugs
What were the 6 key areas for improvement in the Cancer Reform Strategy 2007?
- Prevention
- Early diagnosis
- Treatment being better
- Living with and beyond cancer
- Inequality reduction
- Delivering care in most appropriate setting
What are the functions of cancer registries?
- Monitor trends in incidence, survival and variation between different groups
- Evaluate effectiveness of screening programmes
- Evaluate quality and outcomes of current care
- Evaluate impact of environmental and social facts on cancer risk
Types of cancer survival times?
- Relative: compared to those without disease
- Observed: actual number following observational period
- Net: likelihood of surviving in absence of other illness
- Crude: probability of dying from cancer in presence of other disease
What are examples of physical effects of cancer treatment that may damage mental health?
- Hair loss
- Mastectomy (may change self-image)
- Scars from surgery
Weight loss or gain
How does cancer diagnosis destroy a person’s assumptive world theory?
- Destruction of benevolence theory: not everything in the world is good
- Destroys belief that world is meaningful: bad things still happen to good people
- May change biography or identity
- New assumption of vulnerability
- Feeling of loss of control of fate
Other psychological effects of cancer diagnosis?
- Family and friends forced to face their own mortality
- Uncertainty: life put on hold
- Worry about leaving people behind
- Grief
- Demanding physical aspects of chemo
- Stress of becoming carer or being cared for
What is the order of global prevalence of caner?
1) Lung
2) Breast
3) Colorectal
4) Prostate
What is the order of global death due to cancer?
1) Lung
2) Colorectal
3) Breast
4) Prostate
What its the order of UK cancer burden?
1) Male: prostate/female: breast
2) Lung
3) Bowel
What 2 cancers are decreasing in incidence in the UK?
- Bladder
- Lung (still increasing in women)
What 2 cancers are increasing in incidence in the UK and why?
- Liver (increased alcohol intake/alcoholism)
- Melanoma (Increased holidays abroad)
What is the order of most common childhood cancers in children?
- Leukaemia
- Brain/CNS
- Lymphomas
What is the most common cancer in children?
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
What are the benefits of cancer MDTs?
- They streamline and coordinate care
- Care is not fragmented over over several sites
- This causes better outcomes
