H&P Definitions/Abnormalities Flashcards
tactile agnosia + test to ID
inability to recognize objects by touch
stereognosis test
patterns of sensory loss
single nerve polyneuropathy multiple spinal nerve roots transverse lesion Brown Sequard syndrome
Brown squared syndrome
pain and temperature sensation occur 1-2 dermatomes on contralateral side below lesion
proprioceptive loss and motor paralysis on ipsilateral side
abnormal abdominal reflex
UMN or LMN disorder
babinski sign
plantar reflex
fanning of tows or dorsiflexion of great toe
indicated UMND (pyramidal tract)
grading reflexes >2
hyperactive, UMND
grading reflexes <2
sluggish, neuropathy
LMND
Clonus
following dorsiflexion stimulus, foot plantar reflexes uncontrollably for a measured amount of time
UMND
Asterixis
sudden, brief, non-rhythmic flexion of hands and fingers “flapping tremor”
meningeal signs
nucal rigidity
brudzinski sign
Kernig sign
nucal rigidity
flexes neck until chin touches chest
pain/resistance to movement
Brudzinski sign
flex neck, observe for flexion of hips and knees
Kernig Sign
passive extension of knee, pain or resistance when straightening knee
basal ganglia disease causes which signs?
increased muscle tone (rigidity, dystonia, bradykenesia) involuntary movements (tremor, chorea, tardive dyskinesia)
I.e. Huntington’s and Parkinson’s
dystonia
involuntary abnormal posture
chorea
writhing movements of body
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary tongue movement
diseases of cerebellum cause which signs?
ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia
dysmetria + testing
inability to target object
finger to nose testing
dysdiadochokinesia
inability to perform rapid, alternating movement
apraxia
inability to perform particular purposeful actions
antalgic gait
“painful limp”
attempting to avoid pain while walking, shortened stance compared to swing
hemiparetic gait
unilateral weakness, UMN dz
affected UE is held flexed without swing, while affected LE is extended
circumduction of leg
parkinsonian gait
rigid, Bradykinetic
posture stooped forward, slow to get started/difficult to stop
turning is en bloc
Neuropathic stoppage gait
pick up knee, slap foot down
high stepping to avoid dragging, unable to heel walk
indicates disc issue/peripheral neuropathy
Diplegic gait
scissoring
spasticity of LE, hips and knees flexed/adducted
