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WI18 Neuro > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

1
Q

structural nervous system division

A

CNS

PNS

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2
Q

functional nervous system division

A

sensory

motor

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3
Q

sensory nervous system

A

information travels TO brain via joints, skin and blood vessels/organs

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4
Q

visceral nervous system

A

information travels FROM brain to smooth muscle of gut, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle

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5
Q

two types of neuron

A

multipolar

pseudounipolar

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6
Q

pseudo unipolar neurons are only in which division

A

sensory

PNS

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7
Q

upper motor neurons =

A

nuclei of brain

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8
Q

lower motor neurons =

A

gray matter of spinal cord

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9
Q

nerve fiber is made up of

A

axon + neurolemma + endoneurial connective tissue

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10
Q

neurolemma

A

cell membrane of Schwann cells

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11
Q

what composes a nerve?

A

fascicle + connective tissue + vessels

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12
Q

connective tissue layers of the brain

A

endneurium (delicate, directly covers)

perineurium (dense, encloses fascicle)

epineurium (tough, thick, surround bundle)

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13
Q

CN I

Name + Modality

A

olfactory

sensory

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14
Q

CN II

Name + Modality

A

optic

sensory

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15
Q

CN III

Name + Modality

A

oculomotor

motor

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16
Q

CN IV

Name + Modality

A

trochlear

motor

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17
Q

CN V

Name + Modality

A

trigeminal

Both

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18
Q

CN VI

Name + Modality

A

abducens

motor

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19
Q

CN VII

Name + Modality

A

facial

both

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20
Q

CN VIII

Name + Modality

A

auditory

sensory

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21
Q

CN IX

Name + Modality

A

glossopharyngeal

both

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22
Q

CN X

Name + Modality

A

Vagus

both

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23
Q

CN XI

Name + Modality

A

accessory

motor

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24
Q

CN XII

Name + Modality

A

hypoglossal

motor

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25
Q

spinal nerve pathway

A

ganglion –> horn –> rootlets –> anterior root –> mixed nerve –> rami –> source

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26
Q

anterior spinal nerves

A

control MOTOR

supply muscles, skin, and anterior or lateral trunk

join to form plexuses that supply extremities

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27
Q

posterior spinal nerves

A

control SENSORY

supply joints of spine, spinal muscles, skin of back

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28
Q

PNS cell body + axon

A

cell body: ganglion

axon: nerves/nerve plexuses

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29
Q

CNS cell body + axon

A

cell body: gray matter

axon: white matter

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30
Q

afferent tracts (list) (4)

A
  1. lateral spinothalamic tract
  2. anterior spinothalamic tract
  3. fascicles gracilis/cuneatus (posterior dorsal columns)
  4. anterior and posterior spinocerebellar
31
Q

lateral spinothalamic tracts

sensation + receptor + injury

A

pain and thermal sensation

r: free nerve endings

I: CONTRALATERAL pinprick, hot/cold

32
Q

anterior spinothalamic tracts

sensation + receptor + injury

A

light/crude touch/pressure

r: free nerve endings

I: contralateral light touch/pressure

33
Q

fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus

sensation (3) + receptors (5) + injury

this slide is loaded*

A

discriminative touch, vibratory sense, conscious muscle joint sense

R: meissner’s corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle, muscle single, tendon and organs

I: IPSILATERAL proprioception, vibration, tactile discrimination

34
Q

injury to anterior spinothalamic tracts will not cause loss of ???

A

discriminative touch

35
Q

anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tract

sensation + receptor

A

unconscious muscle joint sense

r: muscle spindle, tendon, organs

36
Q

descending (efferent) tracts

A
  1. corticospinal tracts
  2. reticulospinal tracts
  3. tectospinal
  4. rubrospinal
  5. vestibulospinal
  6. descending autonomic
37
Q

corticospinal tracts

A

rapid, skilled voluntary movement of limb

38
Q

reticulospinal tracts

A

initiate/inhibit voluntary movement

under control of hypothalamus

39
Q

tectospinal tract

A

reflex postural movements concerning sight

40
Q

rubrospinal tract

A

activity of flexor muscle

inhibits extensor muscle

41
Q

vestibulospinal tract

A

activity of extensor muscle

inhibits flexor muscle

42
Q

descending autonomic fibers

A

control parasympathetic and sympathetic system

43
Q

corticospinal tract

lesion upper motor neurons physical exam (3)

A
  1. babinski sign
  2. muscle weakness
  3. spasticity w/clasp knife

above medulla = contralateral
below medulla = ipsilateral

44
Q

corticospinal tract

lesion of LOWER motor neurons physical exam (6)

A
  1. Flaccid paralysis
  2. Atrophy
  3. Loss of reflexes
  4. Muscle fibrillation
  5. Muscle contraction of 6. antagonistic muscle
45
Q

Extrapyramidal Tracts

Lesion of upper motor neuron:

A
  1. Severe paralysis
  2. Spasticity or hypertonicity
  3. Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and clonus
  4. Clasp knife reaction
46
Q

meningitis

A

protect CNS

Dura mater
arachnoid mater (CSF travels)
pia mater

47
Q

blood supply to spinal cord

A

1 anterior and 2 posterior spinal arteries off aorta

48
Q

occlusion of anterior artery to spinal cord

A

only supply

causes death to anterior grey horns and loss of motor n. impulses

49
Q

lobes of cerebellum

A
  1. frontal
  2. temporal
  3. parietal
  4. occipital
50
Q

frontal lobe fxn

A

reasoning, planning, parts of speech, emotions, problem solving

51
Q

temporal lobe fxn

A

perception, recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, speech

52
Q

parietal lobe fxn

A

movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli

53
Q

occipital lobe fxn

A

visual processing

54
Q

cerebellum fxn

A

regulation and coordination of movement, posture, balance

55
Q

diencephalon components

A
  1. epithalamus
  2. thalamus
  3. hypothalamus
56
Q

epithalamus

A

secretion of melatonin
regulation of Motor pathways and emotions
wired w/limbic system

57
Q

thalamus

A

site of synapse for all sensory information

except olfaction **

58
Q

hypothalamus

A

homeostasis, thirst, hunger

emotion

circadian rhythm

autonomic nervous system

pituitary control

59
Q

brainstem

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla oblongata
60
Q

midbrain

A

vision, hearing, eye movement, body movement

CN III, IV

61
Q

pons

A

motor control, sensory analysis

level of consciousness and sleep

CN V

62
Q

medulla oblongata

A

maintain vital body functions

CN IX, X, XII

63
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with junction of Pons and Medulla

A

CN VI, VII, VIII

64
Q

ventricles

A

lateral (2)
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

65
Q

exit of CSF from cranium

A

2 lateral and 1 median aperture

66
Q

CSF secretion, absorption, function

A

secretion: choroid plexuses
absorption: arachnoid granulations
function: protection

67
Q

circulation

A

Lateral ventricles → interventricular foramen → cerebral aqueduct → 2 lateral and 1 median aperture

68
Q

Anterior Circulation

A

Internal Carotid → Anterior and Middle cerebral

Anterior cerebral connected via Anterior Communicating Artery

69
Q

Posterior Circulation

A

Subclavian → Vertebral Arteries → Basilar a. → Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Posterior cerebral arteries connected via Posterior Communicating Artery

70
Q

Cerebral Arteries

Anterior:

A

medial and superior surfaces of brain, frontal pole

71
Q

cerebral arteries

MIddle:

A

lateral surface, temporal pole

72
Q

cerebral arteries

Posterior

A

: inferior surface, occipital pole

73
Q

cerebral arterial circle is an anastomoses of which arteries? (5)

A 
Anterior Communicating 
Anterior Cerebral 
Internal Carotid 
Posterior Communicating 
Posterior Cerebral

WI18 Neuro (16 decks)

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