A&P Flashcards
1
Q
structural nervous system division
A
CNS
PNS
2
Q
functional nervous system division
A
sensory
motor
3
Q
sensory nervous system
A
information travels TO brain via joints, skin and blood vessels/organs
4
Q
visceral nervous system
A
information travels FROM brain to smooth muscle of gut, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
5
Q
two types of neuron
A
multipolar
pseudounipolar
6
Q
pseudo unipolar neurons are only in which division
A
sensory
PNS
7
Q
upper motor neurons =
A
nuclei of brain
8
Q
lower motor neurons =
A
gray matter of spinal cord
9
Q
nerve fiber is made up of
A
axon + neurolemma + endoneurial connective tissue
10
Q
neurolemma
A
cell membrane of Schwann cells
11
Q
what composes a nerve?
A
fascicle + connective tissue + vessels
12
Q
connective tissue layers of the brain
A
endneurium (delicate, directly covers)
perineurium (dense, encloses fascicle)
epineurium (tough, thick, surround bundle)
13
Q
CN I
Name + Modality
A
olfactory
sensory
14
Q
CN II
Name + Modality
A
optic
sensory
15
Q
CN III
Name + Modality
A
oculomotor
motor
16
Q
CN IV
Name + Modality
A
trochlear
motor
17
Q
CN V
Name + Modality
A
trigeminal
Both
18
Q
CN VI
Name + Modality
A
abducens
motor
19
Q
CN VII
Name + Modality
A
facial
both
20
Q
CN VIII
Name + Modality
A
auditory
sensory
21
Q
CN IX
Name + Modality
A
glossopharyngeal
both
22
Q
CN X
Name + Modality
A
Vagus
both
23
Q
CN XI
Name + Modality
A
accessory
motor
24
Q
CN XII
Name + Modality
A
hypoglossal
motor
25
spinal nerve pathway
ganglion --> horn --> rootlets --> anterior root --> mixed nerve --> rami --> source
26
anterior spinal nerves
control MOTOR
supply muscles, skin, and anterior or lateral trunk
join to form plexuses that supply extremities
27
posterior spinal nerves
control SENSORY
supply joints of spine, spinal muscles, skin of back
28
PNS cell body + axon
cell body: ganglion
| axon: nerves/nerve plexuses
29
CNS cell body + axon
cell body: gray matter
| axon: white matter
30
afferent tracts (list) (4)
1. lateral spinothalamic tract
2. anterior spinothalamic tract
3. fascicles gracilis/cuneatus (posterior dorsal columns)
4. anterior and posterior spinocerebellar
31
lateral spinothalamic tracts
sensation + receptor + injury
pain and thermal sensation
r: free nerve endings
I: CONTRALATERAL pinprick, hot/cold
32
anterior spinothalamic tracts
sensation + receptor + injury
light/crude touch/pressure
r: free nerve endings
I: contralateral light touch/pressure
33
fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus
sensation (3) + receptors (5) + injury
**this slide is loaded***
discriminative touch, vibratory sense, conscious muscle joint sense
R: meissner's corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle, muscle single, tendon and organs
I: IPSILATERAL proprioception, vibration, tactile discrimination
34
injury to anterior spinothalamic tracts will not cause loss of ???
discriminative touch
35
anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tract
sensation + receptor
unconscious muscle joint sense
r: muscle spindle, tendon, organs
36
descending (efferent) tracts
1. corticospinal tracts
2. reticulospinal tracts
3. tectospinal
4. rubrospinal
5. vestibulospinal
6. descending autonomic
37
corticospinal tracts
rapid, skilled voluntary movement of limb
38
reticulospinal tracts
initiate/inhibit voluntary movement
| under control of hypothalamus
39
tectospinal tract
reflex postural movements concerning sight
40
rubrospinal tract
activity of flexor muscle
inhibits extensor muscle
41
vestibulospinal tract
activity of extensor muscle
inhibits flexor muscle
42
descending autonomic fibers
control parasympathetic and sympathetic system
43
corticospinal tract
lesion upper motor neurons physical exam (3)
1. babinski sign
2. muscle weakness
3. spasticity w/clasp knife
above medulla = contralateral
below medulla = ipsilateral
44
corticospinal tract
lesion of LOWER motor neurons physical exam (6)
1. Flaccid paralysis
2. Atrophy
3. Loss of reflexes
4. Muscle fibrillation
5. Muscle contraction of 6. antagonistic muscle
45
Extrapyramidal Tracts
| Lesion of upper motor neuron:
1. Severe paralysis
2. Spasticity or hypertonicity
3. Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and clonus
4. Clasp knife reaction
46
meningitis
protect CNS
Dura mater
arachnoid mater (CSF travels)
pia mater
47
blood supply to spinal cord
1 anterior and 2 posterior spinal arteries off aorta
48
occlusion of anterior artery to spinal cord
only supply
causes death to anterior grey horns and loss of motor n. impulses
49
lobes of cerebellum
1. frontal
2. temporal
3. parietal
4. occipital
50
frontal lobe fxn
reasoning, planning, parts of speech, emotions, problem solving
51
temporal lobe fxn
perception, recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, speech
52
parietal lobe fxn
movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
53
occipital lobe fxn
visual processing
54
cerebellum fxn
regulation and coordination of movement, posture, balance
55
diencephalon components
1. epithalamus
2. thalamus
3. hypothalamus
56
epithalamus
secretion of melatonin
regulation of Motor pathways and emotions
wired w/limbic system
57
thalamus
site of synapse for all sensory information
except olfaction **
58
hypothalamus
homeostasis, thirst, hunger
emotion
circadian rhythm
autonomic nervous system
pituitary control
59
brainstem
1. midbrain
2. pons
3. medulla oblongata
60
midbrain
vision, hearing, eye movement, body movement
CN III, IV
61
pons
motor control, sensory analysis
level of consciousness and sleep
CN V
62
medulla oblongata
maintain vital body functions
CN IX, X, XII
63
what cranial nerves are associated with junction of Pons and Medulla
CN VI, VII, VIII
64
ventricles
lateral (2)
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
65
exit of CSF from cranium
2 lateral and 1 median aperture
66
CSF secretion, absorption, function
secretion: choroid plexuses
absorption: arachnoid granulations
function: protection
67
circulation
Lateral ventricles → interventricular foramen → cerebral aqueduct → 2 lateral and 1 median aperture
68
Anterior Circulation
Internal Carotid → Anterior and Middle cerebral
Anterior cerebral connected via Anterior Communicating Artery
69
Posterior Circulation
Subclavian → Vertebral Arteries → Basilar a. → Posterior Cerebral Arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries connected via Posterior Communicating Artery
70
Cerebral Arteries
| Anterior:
medial and superior surfaces of brain, frontal pole
71
cerebral arteries
| MIddle:
lateral surface, temporal pole
72
cerebral arteries
| Posterior
: inferior surface, occipital pole
73
cerebral arterial circle is an anastomoses of which arteries? (5)
```
Anterior Communicating
Anterior Cerebral
Internal Carotid
Posterior Communicating
Posterior Cerebral
```
