H/E Lecture 10 Flashcards
What organelles are membrane bound?
Nucleus (double), golgi, ER, mitochondria, lysosomes
What are the features of a protein secreting cell?
Rough ER: makes proteins involved with membranes such as secretory, membrane bound, and lysosomal
Golgi: needed to pack proteins into vesicles
Secretory vesicles: transport proteins to the outer membrane
What are the features of a steroid secreting cell?
Cell produces lipid-based products
No Vesicle: lipids easily pass through membranes
Smooth ER: looks like tubes, converts cholesterols into steroid products
Vesicular Mitochondria: tube shaped cristae, modify steroids
Lipid Inclusions: droplets, store cholesterol for steroid production
What are the features of a rapid active transport cell?
Needs surface area and energy
Microvilli: to increase surface area for transport, next to lumen
Mitochondria: makes the energy
Basal Folds: folds adjacent to another tissue
What are the features of a phagocytic cell?
Needs to eat and process stuff
PRRs: Receptors to identify targets
Pseudopodia: Extensions to engulf targets
Lysosomes: spherical and membrane bound, varying electron density, degrades all with hydrolytic enzymes
What is pinocytosis?
Generalized endocytosis done by all cells. Contents are taken to lysosomes for processing.
Describe receptor mediated endocytosis.
Signal is cargo proteins.
Coated vesicles form and go to lysosomes.
Also called clathrin-dependent endocytosis.
How can you tell if proteins are being made for use inside the cell?
They are produced by free ribosomes in the cytoplasm and are not bound by membranes.
What are the features, uses, and locations of actin?
Provides support, contraction, adhesion
Found in adherens junctions, microvilli, and muscle fibers
What are intermediate filaments used for?
Adhesion, they have high tensile strength. They are used in desmosomes that bind cells together.
Which is a stronger bond, adherens junctions or desmosomes?
Desmosomes are stronger and have very dark intermediate filament regions on both sides of the junction in the two cell bodies.
What are the features of microtubules and where are they found?
They provide support and movement and can lengthen and shorten.
Organized at centrosomes which are made of two centrioles.
Make up the axonemal complex in flagella.
Used also in cilia.
How can a centriole be recognized?
Has 9 microtubule triplets around each other.
What 4 critical cell components can be injured and cause cell death?
Plasma membrane, ex. bacteria can attack membrane
Genetic aparatus, ex. viral infection of nucleus
Protein synthesis, ex. lysosomal storage disease
Aerobic respiration (energy production), ex. hypoxia
What are the three responses of a cell to injury?
Repair
Necrosis
Apoptosis
