H Biology Digestive System Flashcards
Absorption
Products of digestion are absorbed by blood and supplied to the rest of the body
Anus
The end of the digestive system, excretes Bodily waste
Appendix
A small tube that is connected to the caecum, stores white bloods which contribute to your immune system
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
The amount of energy the body requires to maintain homeostasis (at rest)
Bile
Fluid made and secreted by the liver in order to break down fats
Body Mass Index (BMI)
A person’s weight, divided by height, which is used to see if someone is healthy
Bolus
A ball of chewed food
Chyme
A mixture of partially digested food and enzymes, formed in the stomach and small intestine
Digestion
The process of breaking down food by mechanical (ex. chewing) and chemical digestion (enzymes)
Duodenum
Mixes food with bile and enzymes to chemically digest
Elimination
Excreting waste and foreign substances from the body
Epiglottis
(When food is swallowed) Covers the larynx so food and liquid do not enter the windpipe and lungs/respiratory system
Essential nutrients
Vitamins, minerals, protein, fats, water, and carbohydrates. These are all needed for proper bodily function
Fiber
Helps waste move smoothly through the body
Gallbladder
Stores bile
Glycosidases
Enzyme which breaks down carbohydrates
HCL
Helps breakdown protein and absorb essential nutrients
HDLs
(High-Density Lipoproteins) absorb cholesterol and carry it back to the liver
Ingestion
Consumption of a substance by an organism
Large Intestine
Absorbs water and electrolytes, produces and absorbs vitamins, forming and propelling feces to the rectum
LDLs
(Low-Density Lipoproteins) Transports fat molecules around the body, make up most of the bodies cholesterol, high levels are bad
Lipases
Enzyme that breaks down lipids
Liver
Filtration
Digestion
Metabolism and Detoxification
Protein Synthesis
Storage of Vitamins and Minerals
Microvilli
Microvilli of the small intestine increase surface area of the small intestine in order to absorb more nutrients
Minerals
Building materials for bones
Influence muscle and nerve function
Regulating the body’s water balance
Nucleases
Enzymes that break down nucleic acids
Oral Cavity
Beginning of the digestive system
Pancreas
Produces digestive enzymes
Peristalsis
A series of wave like contraction that move substances through the digestive tract
Proteases
Enzymes that break down proteins
Rectum
Final section of the large intestine, right before anus
Salivary Glands
Produce saliva, saliva contains enzymes which help digest food. Specifically amylase which breaks down carbs
Sphincter
A ring like muscle that either relaxes or contract a opening in the body
Villi
Absorb nutrients from the lumen of the small intestine
Vitamin K
A fat-soluble vitamin, helps prevent blood clotting and the building of bones
Vitamins
Boost the immune system
Support growth and development
Help with cellular and organ work
