H Biology Cell Division

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

“Package” of DNA within the nucleus of a cell

Question 2

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 2

Genetically identical offspring from a single parent, Mitotic Division

Question 3

Clone

Answer 3

Clones contain identical DNA

Question 4

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 4

Combination of DNA from two individuals of opposite sex, produces a genetically different offspring, Meiosis

Question 5

Binary Fission

Answer 5

The process of asexual reproduction by separation of one body into two new bodies (simple cell division)

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

The complex of the DNA and histone proteins that make up chromosomes (chromosome = histone + DNA)

Question 7

Sister Chromatids

Answer 7

Identical copies of a chromosome, attached together by a centromere

Question 8

Centromere

Answer 8

Connects a pair of sister chromatids, Region of a chromosome where a spindle fiber is attached

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

One cell divides into two daughter cells, essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction

Question 10

Cell Cycle

Answer 10

The series of events that take place during cellular division. Refers to to process of mitosis

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

The division of the cytoplasm, at the end of both mitosis and meiosis

Question 12

Spindle fibers

Answer 12

Filaments that form during prophase of cell division, which function to separate sister chromatids into daughter cells

Question 13

Centrosomes

Answer 13

A structure in the cytoplasm of a cell from which microtubules (spindle fibers) originate from

Question 14

Cleavage Furrow

Answer 14

A valley formed between two separating daughter cells during cell division

Question 15

Cell Plate

Answer 15

A divider formed between two separating cells, forms In plants.

Question 16

Somatic Cell

Answer 16

All bodily cells other than sperm and egg cells

Question 17

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 17

Chromosomes that are the same size, their loci are in the same location but can very in allele (type of gene- Ex: curly hair vs straight hair)

Question 18

Locus

Answer 18

The location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 19

Autosomes

Answer 19

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 20

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 20

Chromosomes that determine sex (X & Y)

Question 21

Diploid Cell

Answer 21

A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome (Ex- two long two short)

Question 22

Haploid Cell

Answer 22

A cell that contains one of each chromosome (Ex- one long one short)

Question 23

Gametes

Answer 23

Sex/Reproductive Cells, eggs in women and sperm in men (haploid)

Question 24

Fertilization

Answer 24

The process of combining male and female gametes, the product is a zygote

Question 25

Zygote

Answer 25

A diploid cell formed by fertilization

Question 26

Meiosis

Answer 26

Sexual cell division in which a single cell divides twice and forms four daughter cells

Question 27

Crossing Over

Answer 27

The exchange of DNA between two homologous chromosomes, resulting in the formation of genetically unique DNA

Question 28

Chiasmata

Answer 28

The process that physically links homologous chromosomes during meiosis, forms by crossover recombination

Question 29

Recombinant chromosomes

Answer 29

The rearrangement of DNA by breakage and joining of chromosomes, this process forms new alleles

Question 30

Nondisjunction

Answer 30

When two sister chromatids fails to separate, can occur during metaphase 1/2 and anaphase 1/2

Question 31

Karyotype

Answer 31

A complete set of an organisms chromosomes

Question 32

Aneuploidy

Answer 32

An abnormality in the number of someones chromosomes, a result of either a loss or a duplication of a chromosome

Question 33

Life Cycle

Answer 33

2 pivotal points, meiosis (cuts a cell in half) and fertilization (brings it back)

Question 34

Germ Cells

Answer 34

Cells in testis of men and ovaries of women, undergo meiosis to produce sperm and egg (one germ cell produces 4 sperm/egg cells)