Gyne & Breast Flashcards
2 types of view in mammography :
Mediolateral oblique view ( MLO)
Craniocaudal view (CC)
Mammography benign breast mass
Describe:
Regular opacification with halo sign
Benign breast mass = BIRAD ..
Malignant breast mass = BIRAD ..
BIRAD 2 > Uss +- biopsy
BIRAD 5. > uss + biopsy
Signs of malignant breast mass
In mammography :
Speculation
More than 3 lobulation
Nipple retraction !!
Calicification on breast mammography
Can be :
Benign “ BIRAD2”or malignant “BIRAD 5”
Benign breast calcification on mammography
Shapes :
Lucent center
Egg shell
Pop corn
Cigar shaped “ rod like”
Vascular
> 5 mm
Malignant breast calcification
Appear in mammography as :
Microcalcification without lucent center
<5mm
Uss breast
An echoic mass with posterior acoustic enhancement
Dx :
Simple cyst
“ width> height , horizontal on the skin “
BIRAD 2
Cyst with echogenic band
Homorrhagic cyst
Benign cyst
Complex cyst
+ posterior enhancement
Hyperechoic cyst with posterior acoustic enhancement
On uss , Dx:
Breast abscess
BIRAD3
Uss
Fibroadenoma
Describe :
Hyperechoic mass with posterior central enhancement & 2 peripheral shadows “ !!”
BIRAD 3
Uss
Breast CA
Describe :
Irregular
Height > width “ vertical on skin “
+- shadow
BIRAD 5
Modalities can be used in pregnant lady :
TVUS
TAUS
MRI
Uses of uss in obstetrics
In normal pregnancy
- early pregnancy scan
- mid pregnancy scan “ anomaly scan”
-late pregnancy scan
In abnormal pregnancy
Uss
Gestational sac
Confirms ….
Seen at …….
Surrounded by ………………
Can be used for dating but has +- ..days
Intrauterine pregnancy
4.5 weeks
Descidual reaction
5 days
Yolk sac seen at ……..
differentiate between ………from ………..
Number of yolk sacs determines ……
5 weeks
True form psuedogestational sac
Number of embryos
Developing embryo pole
Seen at … weeks
Heart beat is seen at CRL of ..mm vaginally
6 weeks vaginally
5 mm
Ectopic pregnancy
Triad by uss
Empty uterus
Adnexal mass
Free fluid in Douglas pouch
Empty ovum
No ….
Sac can be ….
Weak ……
If unsure repeat after 1 weeks
No yolk sac or fetal pole at sac diameter of 20 mm transvaginally
Irregular
Weak decidual reaction.
Molar pregnancy
Uss :
Snow storm appearance “ echogenic mass with multiple cystic spaces “
- very high Bhcg
- theca leutin cyst in both ovaries
Crown rump length
Measure from … to ….
Heart beat is seen at CRL of 5mm by TV scan equivalent to ….. weeks
From top of the head to rump
Most accuracy in pregnancy dating
6.2 weeks
Uss at 3rd trimester
Check for fetal life
Positive cardiac activity
Fetal death
- absence of cardiac activity for at least …-…. Minutes
Ideally confirmed by …..
2-3 minutes
2 or more examiners
Uss bladder
Bladder need to be …..
Full bladder
Uss
Irregular echogenic mass extend from wall of bladder
Dx :
Next step :
Urinary bladder tumour
Cystoscopy with biopsy
Best modality in urinary bladder tumour is ….
MRI
Urinary bladder tumour
By Uss are appear as irrregular echogenic mass arise form wall of urinary bladder
Causing ….. in contrast Study
Filling defect !
CT axial pelvis with IV contrast
Urinary bladder diverticulum
Characterized by …….
Causes :
Complication :
Pre diverticulum lesion = …….
Neck !
Distal obstruction
Can be congenital
Urine stasis = recurrent cystitis
Lead to stone formation
Cancer “ due to repetitive irritation by stone “
Trabeculation
U.B diverticulum
Describe :
Cystogram
Secular Outpouching of the U.B with multiple trabeculations
Neck is very characteristic
Nulliparous women should dilate at …. cm/hour, and multiparous women should dilate at …. cm/hour.
Nulliparous women should dilate at 1.2 cm/hour, and multiparous women should dilate at 1.5 cm/hour.
Radiological features of malignant breast mass
Opacification with irregular margin , spiculated or ill defined , more than 3 lobulation
Nipple retraction
Skin thickening
Vertical on skin & may give shadowing on uss
