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Radiology > CNS Emergency > Flashcards

CNS Emergency Flashcards

1
Q

CT is best in :

A

Bone fractures
Acute stroke
Cerebral hemorrhage

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2
Q

CT head
Indications :

A

Obvious compound or depressed fractures
Suspected fracture of skull :scalp laceration or boggy scalp hematoma
Penetrating head injury
Signs of fractured base of skull :black eyes or nose bleeding with CSF discharge
Suspected intracranial foreign body

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3
Q

Scalp hematoma two types :

A

Cephalo hematoma : beneath the periosteum “ do not cross sutures

SubGaleal hematoma : between periosteum & galea aponeuritica

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4
Q

Types of hematoma in CT scan according to chronicity :

A

Acute hyper dense lesion

Subacute 7-10 day Isodense lesions

Chronic “more than 2 weeks” : hypodense

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5
Q

Describe the extradural hematoma :

A

Extra axial hyperdense lens shaped lesion on the RT side for example
“ must mention midline shift if there is one “

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6
Q

Acute on chronic subdural hematoma you can see : “ sign”

A

Fluid fluid sign
Description : extra axial crescent shaped lesion with mixed densities on the left side for example , with no midline shifting.

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7
Q

Differential diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumors:

A

AMEN
A coustic neuroma
M eningioma
E pendymoma
N euroepithelial cyst

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8
Q

Describe the Subarachnoid hemorrhage :
CT

Commonly caused by :

A

Hyperdense material occupying sulci & area surrounding the circle of Willis

Rupture of berry aneurysm

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9
Q

Intraventricular hemorrhage : the present of blood within the ventricular system
Can lead to :

A

Obstructive hydrocephalus

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10
Q

Describe intraventricular hemorrhage:

A

Hyperdense material occupying ventricles , heavier than CSF , pooling dependently in the occipital horn

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11
Q

Small amount of intraventricular hemorrhage can be detected by :

A

MRI is more sensitive than CT
MRI T2 Flair

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12
Q

Criteria of polycystic Kidney disease “ Ultrasound” :

A

Multiple anechoic non communicating cysts
Posterior acoustic enhancement
Infected or hemorrhagic cysts shows echogenic material
+/- Calcification

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13
Q

DDX of Ring enhanced lesion in the Brain :

A

Tumour : Glioblastoma , Metastasis
Abscess
Neurocysticercosis

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14
Q

Radiological features of Osteomylitis :

A

Acute :Intraosscieous abscess
Cloaca “beneath periosteum”

Subacute : Brodie’s abscess
Chronic Osteomylitis :
Séquestrum & involocrum

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15
Q

Radiological features of urinary TB :

A

Calyces become irregular
Cortical abscess
Fibrosis & ureteric stricture
Parenchymal calcifcation & auto nephrectomy
Urinary bladder fibrosis & irregularity

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16
Q

Main indication of IVU :

A

Investigation of kidney stone “ after KUB ; Detect site of stone & any kidney Cpx “
Investigation of Hematuria “ tumour give you filling defects”
Characterization of renal mass
Staging & follow up of renal mass
To diagnose renal trauma

17
Q

USS is the best in renal ; what’s the uses of USS ?

A

Investigation patient with symptoms
Demonstrate the size of the kidney ”9-12 cm”
Diagnosis of Hydronephrosis , renal tumour , abscess
Assessment & follow up

18
Q

Common causes of ileum stricture :

A

Crohn’s disease
TB
Lymphoma

19
Q

Causes of narrowing lumen “ GIT “

A

Carcinoma
Diverticular disease
Crohn’s disease
Ischemia colitis

20
Q

Causes of unilateral Hilar lymphadenopathy :

A

Malignant lymphoma
Infection particularly TB / histoplasmosis
Metastasis from Carcinoma of bronchus

21
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy causes :

A

Sarcoidosis “most common “
Malignant lymphoma
Fungal infection

22
Q

Causes of urinary tract obstruction :

A

Calculus
Blood clot
Sloughed papillae
TB
Infective stricture

23
Q

Medullary nephrocalcinosis causes :

A

Hyperparathyroidism
TB
Sarcoidosis
Medullary sponge kidney “ congenital anomaly ; small cyst ; urine stasis ; chronic inflammation

24
Q

Grades of Renal injury :

A

Grade 1
minor injury ( contusion , laceration or subcapsular hematoma ; small perinephric hematoma “

Grade2
Major injury ( cortical laceration extend to medulla & collecting system with or without renal extravasation )

Grade3
Catastrophic injury ( multiple renal lacerations plus renal vascular injury )

Grade4
Uretropelvic junction injury with complete transection.

25
Q

Contrast is contraindicated in :

A

Heart failure
Renal failure
“ can’t get rid off contrast “
Allergy to contrast

26
Q

Patient with renal artery stenosis & contrast is contraindicated we use :

A

Can’t use CT Urogram
MRA
Magnetic resonance angiogram” see Aorta with all its branches”

27
Q

Kidney in pelvis
Differential diagnosis :

A

Ectopic kidney
Kidney Transplantation

28
Q

Best modality used in pelvis :

A

MRI “ eg : bladder tumour “
( MRI best in tumours)

29
Q

Figure A is a T2-weighted MRI spine showing hyperintensity of the posterior region in the cervical spinal cord (green arrows).

Dx :

A

Subacute combined degeneration

Radiology (8 decks)

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