Gyne Flashcards
US: cystic mass following the contour of the pelvis with deformed ovary suspended along with the adhesions, centrally or peripherally.
Seen after an inflammatory process in the abdomen (or post-op)
Peritoneal inclusion cyst/ Peritoneal pseudocyst
Rotterdam Criteria:
* >/= 12 follicles/ovary (2-9 mm each)
* ovarian volume more than 10 cc
Polycystic Ovaries
- Do not use PCOS as diagnosis in your report
5th most common gyne emergency.
Result from twisting of the ovary, fallopian tube, or both.
Ovarian/adnexal Torsion
- usually occurs in pathologic ovary ( ex. With dermoid tumor most common)
Cystic lesion originating from a MESONEPHRIC duct remnant, seen along the lateral walls of the uterus and vagina, superior to hymen.
Gartner Duct Cyst
- from Duct of Gartner
Thin-walled cyst that is a vesicular appendage to the fallopian tube of PARAMESONEPHRIC duct in origin
Hydatids of Morgagni
Presence of normal ovary virtually excludes the diagnosis of torsion refardless of Doppler findings, True or False?
True
3rd most common gynecologic malignancy
Cervical cancer
- most are dx only by papsmear
Most significant risk factor of cervical cancer?
HPV 16 and 18 infection
Most common gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial Carcinoma
-80% endometrioid type
-best prognosis
Single most important predictor of survival at 5-10 years in endometrial carcinoma
Depth of myometrial invasion
Most important prognostic factor of cervical carcinoma?
Size
Most aggressive uterine tumor
Uterine Sarcoma
-large, heterogeneous
Rapidly enlarging pelvic mass; enlarged uterus with heterogeneous mass containing necrosis and calcification
Leiomyosarcoma
2nd most common gyne malignancy
Ovarian Carcinoma
- 70% epithelial
- 15% germ cell
- marker: CA125
Primary mode of spread of Ovarian Ca
Peritoneal seeding
Cystic mass with thin septations and echogenic fluid, filling the pelvis and extending into the abdomen. No solid component
Mucinous cystadenoma
Cystic mass with solid components exhibiting color flow on doppler. Echogenic fluid. Fills the pelvis and extends to the abdomen. Rupture results in pseudomyxoma peritonei
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Characterised by loculated collections of fluid which accumulate along peritoneal surfaces, classically resulting in a scalloped appearance of coated abdominal organs andomental caking.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Most common Germ Cell Tumor
Ovarian Teratoma
Ovarian teratoma composed predominantly of 1 tissue element, commonly mature thyroid tissue
Monodermal teratoma (Struma Ovarii)
Most common Ovarian Teratoma; most common ovarian mass in children and is usually asymptomatic
US: “Tip of the Iceberg” appearance
Mature cystic teratoma
Raised protruberance projecting in the cyst cavity of a mature cystic teratoma
Rokitansky Nodule
A.k.a Dermoid Plug
Ovarian stromal tumor associated with ascites and pleural effusion (Meig’s Syndrome)
Ovarian Fibroma
Ovarian stromal tumor causing musculinization; 10% malignant
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
Ovarian stromal tumor producing ESTROGEN
Thecoma
Mucinous tumor metastatic to ovary coming from mucinous gastric carcinoma
Krukenberg Tumor
Most common location of fallopian tube carcinoma
Ampulla
Most common vaginal malignancy arising from the posterior wall of the upper third of the vagina
Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina
Most common metastasis to breast
Melanoma
Most common metastasis to ovary
Colon Ca
