Gynaecomastia Flashcards
1
Q
What is gynaecomastia?
A
Condition where males develop breast tissue
Imbalanced ration of oestrogen and androgen activity
2
Q
Causes of physiological gynaecomastia
A
Commonly occurs in adolescence
Delayed testosterone surge relative to oestrogen at puberty
Also occurs in older population - secondary to decreasing testosterone levels
3
Q
Causes of pathological gynaecomastia
A
Changes in oestrogen:androgen activity ration
Lack of testosterone
- Klinefelter’s syndrone (XXY)
- androgen insenstivity
- testicular atrophy
- renal disease
Increased oestrogen level
- liver disease
- hyperthyroidism
- obesity
- adrenal tumours
Medication
- digoxin
- metronidazole
- spironolactone
- chemotherapy
Idiopathic
4
Q
What is pseudogynaecomastia?
A
Adipose tissue in the breast region - associated with being overweight
5
Q
Investigations for suspected gynaecomastia
A
Triple assessement if malignancy suspected
Unknown causes
- Liver + renal function
- hormone profile
Hormone profile
- LH high + testosterone low = testicular failure
- LH low + testosterone low = increased oestrogen
- LH high + testosterone high = androgen resistance
6
Q
Management for gynaecomastia
A
Treat underlying cause
Reassurance
