Gynae Clinic Flashcards
What is Turner’s syndrome?
1 X chromosome missing/partially missing
What are the clinical features of Turner’s syndrome?
Webbed neck (short and wide) Broad chest Growth slows around 3 years old Short in relation to parents Not enough sex hormone production Normal vagina and womb but underdeveloped ovarie
Management for Turner’s syndrome
High dose growth hormone (age 5/6)
HRT for breast development (age 10-12)
Progesterone to induce periods (age 15)
What medications can be prescribed for heavy periods?
Tranexamic acid COCP POP Mirena Cyclical progesterone Depot (not under 15)
Why is there caution giving the depot to girls under 15?
Bone mineral density
What hormonal changes occur in PCOS?
Raised free testosterone (>1.5)
Low sex hormone binding globulin (<1.5)
LH to FSH ratio is high (not all the time)
Name of criteria used to diagnose PCOS
Rotterdam criteria
Give an example of a COCP with anti-androgenic effects?
Dianette (Tayside), Yasmin
What drugs can be used to reduce testosterone in PCOS?
Finasteride, 5-a-reductase
What does mefenamic acid do?
NSAID for period pain, can also reduce bleeding slightly
What pill can be taken to delay a period?
Norethisterone
Management of fibroids
Mirena coil Tranexamic acid NSAIDs COCP Oral progestogen Injected progestogen GNrHas (to shrink fibroids) Ulipristal acetate Hysterectomy Myomectomy Hysteroscopic resection of fibroids Uterine artery embolization Hysteroscopic morcellation of fibroids Endometrial ablation MRI and ultrasound-guided procedures
What is tranexamic acid?
An antifibrinolytic (prevents breakdown of fibrin, main protein of blood clots)
What is adenomyosis?
When endometrial tissue grows into the smooth muscle of the uterus.
“endometriosis of the muscle of the uterus”
What is Zoladex?
Zoladex is an injectable gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist that suppresses the production of sex hormones. It shuts off the ovaries. Can be used for treatment of adenomyosis and endometriosis.
