Gynae Flashcards
squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva epiD and 2 types
- Most common infection in vulva area
2 types:
High Risk HPV Type 16 and 18 form - 30% of cases
- Classic VIN
History of reactive epithelial changes form - 70% of cases
- Differentiated VIN
what is the preneoplastic form of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)
what causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES use in mothers
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina epiD
Found in infants and children < 5 years of age
risk factors for cervical neoplasms
- Early age at first intercourse
- Multiple sexual partners
- A male partner with multiple previous sexual partners
linkage of HPV to cervical cancer
- 95% of cervical cancers show HPV DNA
- High risk HPV serotypes (16 & 18)
clinical features of cervical cancer
- Usually asymptomatic
- Intermenstrual bleeding, post-coital bleeding, post menopausal bleed, dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
histology of cervical cancer
- Squamous cell carcinoma (75-90% of cervical carcinomas)
- Adenocarcinomas (10 - 25 % of cervical carcinomas)
screening tests for cervical cancer
- PAP smear
- Look for abnormal changes in cells
- HPV test
- Detect DNA of high risk HPV
- Looks for high risk HPV and can determine risk of cervical cancer
types of ovarian tumours
- surface epithelial tumours (65-70%)
- germ cell tumours (15-20%)
- sex cord stromal tumours (5-10%)
types of cell differentiation of surface epithelial tumours
- serous
- mucinous
- urothelial
- endometroid
- clear cell carcinoma
2 types of serous surface epithelial tumours
- serous cystadenoma (60%)
- serous cystadenocarcinoma (25%)
serous cystadenoma epiD and morphology
- Usually encountered in patients between 30 and 40 years of age
- Gross
- Serosal covering is smooth and glistening
- The cystic spaces usually are filled with a clear serous fluid
- Histology
- Tubal-like differentiation
- Psammoma bodies are common in the tips of papillae
serous cystadenocarcinoma epiD and morphology
More commonly seen between 45 and 65 years of age.
- Gross
Papillary projections protrude into cystic cavities - Histology
- Papillary formations are usually complex and multilayered
- Psammoma bodies are common in the tips of papillae
endometroid surface epithelial tumours epiD and morphology
- 20% of all ovarian cancers
- Benign or Malignant but mostly malignant
Histology
-Formation of tubular glands within the lining of cystic spaces
urothelial surface epithelial tumours morphology
Also known as Brenner’s tumour
- Histology
- Abundant stroma containing nests of transitional-type epithelium
- Coffee Bean Nuclei
