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Obstetric > Gyn General > Flashcards

Gyn General Flashcards

1
Q

Tanner stage breast development

A

1) none
2) breast bud
3) further enlargement of areola and breasts with NO seperation of contours
4) 2nd mound of areola and papilla
5) areola recessed to general contour of breast -adult

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2
Q

Postmenopausal bleeding

First differential diagnosis

A

Endometrial cancer

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3
Q

Stages of puberty

A

Thelarche: breast
Pubarche: pubic hair
Growth spurt
Menarche

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4
Q

What is adenomyosis

A

Ectopic endometrial glands and stroma located within the myometrium of the uterine wall

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5
Q

Symptom and diagnosis of adenomyosis

A

Symptom: enlarged symmetric tender uterus in absence of pregnancy. Uterus is soft. 2ndary dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia

Diagnosis: MR or usg: cystic area found within myometrial wall

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6
Q

Imperforate hymen

A

Primary amenorrhea associated with cyclic abdominal pain, swelling and urinaey retention

Treatment: resecting Hymen
Diagnosis: clinical, should do usg or mri

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7
Q

Positions of uterus in majority of females

A

Anteverted

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8
Q

Which ligaments are responsible for uterine support

A

Cardinal and uterosacra

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9
Q

Normal blood loss during menstruation

A

25-80ml

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10
Q

PMS

A

Physiological (breast tenderness, bloating, headache, swelling of extremities) and emotional (depression, anxiety, mood swings, angry) disturbance that occur 1-2 weeks prior to menses and last until a few days after the onset of menses
3 cycles one somatic and one affective symptom

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11
Q

What pelvic pathologies can you detect with usg?

A
  • Evaluate intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy
  • Asses masses in pelvis
  • determine endometrial thickness and fibroids
  • Monitor follicles during assisted reproductions
  • assess endometrial lining in postmenopausal women
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12
Q

What pelvic pathologies can you detect with sonohysterography (SHG)

A 
Saline infusion + usg 
AUB
Uncertain endometrial findings on usg 
Infertility (tubal patency)
Fibroids and polyps 
Need to check for STI BEFORE
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13
Q

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

What pelvic pathologies can you detect

A

Dye + x-Ray

Evaluations of size shape configuration of uterus, congenital abnormalities, tubal patency, obstruction
IMFERTILITY

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of amenorrhea

A

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (Toronto)

Lecture
Primary: gonadal dysfunction
Secondary: chronic anovulation

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15
Q

Prolactinoma symptoms:

A

Galactorrhea
Visual changes
Headache

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16
Q

Radical hysterectomy

A

Uterus
Cervix
Upper 1/3-1/2 vagina
Entire parametric
Uterine artery ligated at its origin from int, iliac artery
Uterosacral ligament at its most distal attachment (rectum)

17
Q

Indication for radical hysterectomy

A

Cervical cancer stage:1A2, 1B1

18
Q

Modified radical hysterectomy (type2) or simple hysterectomy type 1) treatment of

A

Cervical cancer up to stage 1B1

Uterus 
Cervix 
Proximal 1/3 parametria
Uterine artery ligated medial to ureter
Midpoint of uterosacral ligament 
Upper 1-2 cm of vagina
19
Q

TAH/BSO

A 
TAH:
Uterus 
Cervix 
Uterine artery ligated at uterus 
BSO:
Fallopian tube 
Ovary
20
Q

What pelvic pathologies can you detect with hysteroacopy

A

Diagnostic:
AUB
DUB
Infertility

Therapeutic
Removal of uterine polyps, fibroids, adhesion, septa, endometrial ablation

21
Q

Treatment of what with endometrial ablation?

A

AUB

22
Q

Risk factors for toxic shock syndrome

A

Tampons
Cervical caps or sponge, diaphragm
Wound infection
Post-partum infection

23
Q

Clinical feature is TSS and treatment

A

High fever, soar throat, headache, diarrhoea, eruthroderma, MOF, refractory hypotension, exfoliation of palmar and plantar surface 1-2 w after onset of illness
Remove foreign body/necrotic tissue
Cloxacillin

24
Q

Ovarian tumor marker

Epithelial cell tumor

A

Ca 125

25
Q

Ovarian tumor marker

Granulosa cell

A

Inhibin

26
Q

Ovarian tumor marker

Sertoli leydig cell

A

Androgens

27
Q

Ovarian tumor marker

Immature teratoma

A

None

28
Q

Ovarian tumor marker

Dysgerminoma (germ cell)

A

LDH

29
Q

Yolk sac

Ovarian tumor marker

A

AFP

30
Q

Choriocarcinoma

A

B-hcg

31
Q

Ovarian tumor marker

Embryonal cell

A

AFP + b hcg

Obstetric (16 decks)

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