gut-brain axis

Question 1

gut-brain axis

Answer 1

bidirectional, multi-faceted communication link between the central and enteric nervous systems.

Question 2

gut microbiota

Answer 2

a collection of millions of microorganisms that assist in the digestion of food and are also known to produce and release several neurotransmitters such as GABA, serotonin and dopamine.

Question 3

Stress may also affect different physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including:

Answer 3

• changes in blood flow
• gastric secretions and gut motility (movement of food through the tract)
• increase in visceral perception (heightened sensitivity to gastrointestinal actions and processes)
• intestinal permeability (greater leakage through the gut lining)
• negative effects on gut microbiota.

Question 4

enteric nervous system (ENS)

Answer 4

a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system; it consists of nerve cells lining the gastrointestinal tract and controls the digestive system

Question 5

high levels of stress + increased cortisol levels = ?

Answer 5

Changes to gut microbiota, associated with anxiety and depression

Question 6

vagus nerve

Answer 6

establishes one of the connections between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract.