classical conditioning

Question 1

classical conditioning

Answer 1

a three phase learning process that results in the involuntary association between a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.

Question 2

stimuli

Answer 2

refers to any object, environment or event that precede an action.

Question 3

response

Answer 3

refers to actions that follow a stimulus

Question 4

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 4

any stimulus that consistently produces a particular naturally occurring, automatic response eg. food

Question 5

unconditioned response

Answer 5

the response that occurs automatically when the unconditioned stimulus is presented eg. Salivating in the presence of food. This is an involuntary response or reflex.

Question 6

neutral stimulus

Answer 6

any stimulus that does not normally produce a predictable response eg. A bell does not normally induce salivation

Question 7

conditioned stimulus

Answer 7

the stimulus that is neutral at the start of the conditioning process but eventually triggers a very similar response to that caused by the unconditioned stimulus eg. Bell that now induces salivation

Question 8

conditioned response

Answer 8

the learned response that is produced by the conditioned stimulus eg. Salivating in response to a bell

Question 9

before conditioning

Answer 9

neutral stimulus - stimulus that does not initially elicit a response. (e.g. a bell ringing)

unconditioned stimulus - stimulus that consistently produces a particular, naturally occurring, automatic response. (e.g. food in the mouth)

unconditioned response - a natural (or unlearned) behaviour in response to the unconditioned stimulus.(e.g. salivation)

Question 10

during conditioning

Answer 10

The neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with the unconditioned stimulus to produce an unconditioned response.

Question 11

after conditioning

Answer 11

Conditioned stimulus (CS): stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Conditioned response (CR): a response caused by the conditioned stimulus

Question 12

acquisition

Answer 12

the period of initial learning in classical conditioning in which the learner begins to associate a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus will begin to elicit the conditioned response.

Question 13

factors that influence classical conditioning

Answer 13

1. nature of the response – for CC to occur the UCR must initially be automatic or an involuntary response like a reflex
2. association of stimuli – if the individual does not associate the two stimuli then conditioning will not occur.
3. timing of the NS and UCS pairing – NS should be presented before the UCS and there should be a very short time between their presentations