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A - Neuroinfectious Diseases Non-infectious Neurodiseases > Gut-Brain Axis > Flashcards

Gut-Brain Axis Flashcards

1
Q

Neuropsychiatric disorders include

A

mood thinking or behavioral disorders

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2
Q

Disorder vs disease

A

disorder - no lab test
disease - is a test

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3
Q

Clear examples of altered brain function by infections

A
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4
Q

The gut-brain axis

A

a bidirectional link between
the CNS and the gastrointestinal track, mediated by
endocrine,
immune,
and neural signaling

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5
Q

microbiota

A

all the microorganisms living in stable association with their host (i.e. the intestines)

  • 10 times more than human cells - misconception actually 2 – 3 times more in a healthy individual - depends on nutritional status of person - hygiene hypothesis

Disruptions to composition associated with allergies and metabolic disorders

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6
Q

hygiene hypothesis

A

too clean - not being exposed to things anymore

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7
Q

microbiome

A

genetic content (DNA) - sequenced – can see everything present (inc. viruses, parasites, fungi)

many thing in gut cannot grow in-vitro

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8
Q

Gut – immune link

A

acquisition of microbiota during birth essential to train immune tolerance - microbial signature of baby

(twins - can predict disease development based on early changes in microbiota)

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9
Q

The vagus nerve

A

the 10th cranial nerve; longest nerve in the autonomic nervous system (PNS), connecting the GI tract to the brain stem

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10
Q

Bacterial mediators

A

produce precursors to (ex. tryptophan - GABA), or actual, neurotransmitters (serotonin)

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11
Q

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) circuit

A

the brain’s stress response system

response to external stress (ex. hunger)

response has efect on microbiota

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12
Q

Bacterial metabolites act upon all the different interfaces in the gut:

A

the epithelial
the immune
the neural

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13
Q

pathology of gut brain axis

A
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14
Q

pathology of gut brain axis before and after response from brain

A
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15
Q

Gut brain axis balanced state

A

Balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines

Balanced state: the epithelial and immune cells are “trained” in tolerance to “correct” microbiota AND microbiota is “adapted” to host’s biochemical “normal” response

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16
Q

Gut brain axis unbalanced state

A

Unbalanced state: small change in either microbiota composition or host’s biochemical response can lead to uncontrolled dysregulation (butterfly effect), leading to pathology

17
Q

Gut brain axis in disease

A

autoimmune diseases
autism
depression and anxiety
obesity

18
Q

Gut brain axis in autoimmune dieseases

A

hygiene hypothesis - destroy period of immune training (farm animals - antibiotics, hormones; homes - so clean)

Immune system training disrupted

Aberrant immune reactions (asthma, allergies, MS) [b/c immune response b/c changes in biota]

19
Q

Gut brain axis in autism

A

Correlation between autism and dysbiosis of the gut

Picky eating habits, genetics, or environmental factors, not clear (controversial - cause vs consequence)

20
Q

Gut brain axis in depression and anxiety

A

High correlation between intestinal disorders and mental illness

can use antidepressants to treat IBS - brain response - effect on body

21
Q

Gut brain axis in obesity

A

Correlation between gut microbiota and misregulation in the CNS control of food intake

altered micobiota - blocks CNS response that makes feel full

22
Q

ex. bactera change and brain disturbances

A
23
Q

Ways the gut brain axis can affect health/disease

A
  1. Gut microbiota dysbiosis (many things can cause, hunger, fear etc.)
  2. Inflammation (infection can cause)→ leaky gut
  3. Leaky gut → (antigen from gram neg bacteria) LPS exposure → inflammation
  4. Chronic stress → High cortisol levels
  5. High cortisol → go back to (1) and (2)
24
Q

Gut brain axis what causes what

A
25
Q

PD and gut-brain axis

A

GI infection - protect by producing alfa -syn - can be prion like - go from gut to brain

alfa-syn found many places outside the brain

26
Q

AD and gut-brain axis

A

brain microbiome project - sequence everything in brain - AD all sours of viruses etc. healthy brains not have

short term: infect - die - accumulation of placks - infect and not die - may be beneficial

27
Q

Any protein with ability to aggregate and grow plaques can (in theory) be

A

antimicrobial

However, if over generated or for a long time still results in pathology - a type of dysregulated innate immune response

28
Q

how aggregates can be protective / antimicrobial

A
29
Q

the third brain

A
30
Q

where is third brain coming from

A
31
Q

___ highlights the connection between mental health and physical health!

A

MNS umbrella

NTs - fuel for brain - microbes in gut produce same brain fuel - connection - cause vs consequence question

A - Neuroinfectious Diseases Non-infectious Neurodiseases (5 decks)

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