Gustatory & Olfactory

Question 1

4 basic tastes

Answer 1

sweet, salty, bitter, and sour

Question 2

5th taste is…

Answer 2

umani

Question 3

The base of each taste bud is penetrated by ______-

Answer 3

Nerve fibers

Question 4

Which papillae does not work for taste

Answer 4

Filliform

Question 5

Where are the chemoreceptors for sweet?

Answer 5

tip of tongue

Question 6

Where are the chemoreceptors for sour?

Answer 6

Lateral sides of tongue

Question 7

Where are the chemoreceptors for bitter?

Answer 7

Posterior portion of tongue

Question 8

Where are the chemoreceptors for salty?

Answer 8

Rim of anterior tongue

Question 9

Steps of transduction for tasting

Answer 9

1. Taste pore exposed to taste
2. Pore depolarized
3. Calcium goes in
4. Exocytosis of NT
5. NT binds to nerve fiber and causes AP

Question 10

Vagus nerve innervates what part of mouth

Answer 10

Epiglottis and oropharynx

Question 11

Facial nerve (VII) innervates what part of mouth

Answer 11

anterior 2/3 part of tongue

Question 12

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) innervates what part of mouth

Answer 12

posterior 1/3 pf tongue

Question 13

Where do the cranial nerves of mouth enter the brain stem?

Answer 13

Facial enters @ ponto-medullary junction

Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves @ rostral medulla

Question 14

T/F. Axons in gustatory pathway ascend contralaterally.

Answer 14

False- ipsilaterally

Question 15

Where do the neurons synapse in the gustatory pathway?

Answer 15

1st- solitary nucleus in medulla
2nd- thalamus
3rd- gustatory cortex ( insula)

Question 16

T/F. Gustatory cortex is superior to olfactory cortex.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Complete loss of taste

Answer 17

Ageusia

Question 18

Hypogeusia and Hypergeusia

Answer 18

decreased and increased sensitivity to taste

Question 19

What is it called when perception of taste is distorted?

Answer 19

Dysgeusia

Parageusia- if taste is very bad

Question 20

Phantogeusia means….

Answer 20

there is no stimuli but still taste something

Question 21

T/F. Gustatory (taste) neurons regenerate.

Answer 21

False. Olfactory neurons regenerate, live for 4-6 wks.

Question 22

What are olfactory neurons formed form?

Answer 22

olfactory epithelium

Question 23

How do olfactory and optic tracts differ?

Answer 23

Olfactory nerve and tract do not share fibers, where optic nerve and tract do share

Question 24

Olfactory nerve synapses on ______ @ _______

Answer 24

Mitral cell @ the olfactory bulb

Question 25

Awareness of smell occurs at ______

Answer 25

Cortex, temporal lobe

Question 26

Why do smells bring up past memories or emotions?

Answer 26

Olfactory axons project to limbic system and hypothalamus

Question 27

Olfactory pathway steps

Answer 27

1. Odorant molecule binds to odorant receptor
2. 2nd messenger cyclic pathway
3. Sodium channel opens
4. sodium rushes in, depolarizes cell and causes action potential

Question 28

Where do mitral cells synapse?

Answer 28

Primary olfactory cortex

Question 29

Ansomia

Answer 29

Can’t smell anything

Question 30

Agnosia

Answer 30

Doesn’t recognize the smell

Question 31

Hyperosmia/ Hyposmia

Answer 31

Increase and decrease in smell sensitivity

Question 32

Distortion of smell sensation

Answer 32

Dysosmia, parosmia= smells bad

Question 33

Phantosmia

Answer 33

No stimuli, but smells something