Gun. Empires/Renaissance/Reformation/Sci. Rev. Test Flashcards
Unit test (50 questions, multiple choice)
What were the 3 gunpowder empires?
- Ottoman
- Safavids
- Mughals
Where were the Ottomans located?
Southwest Asia, coastal North Africa, Southeast Europe
Where were the Safavids located?
parts of Southwest Asia
Where were the Mughals located?
India
What role did the gunpowder empires play in world trade?
they controlled trade because of their locations and could charge taxes. They also exchanged cultures and ideas
How did gunpowder impact the Age of Absolutism in Europe?
Because of new weaponry, rulers could expand their kingdoms and claim to have divine right which led to an absolute monarchy in most places
Describe the Renaissance
a rebirth and revival of Greek and Roman ideas and culture
In what ways did the Renaissance impact art?
Art became less focused on religion and showed everyday tasks
In what ways did the Renaissance have an impact on government?
It led people to think with a secular perspective, separating church from life and government
Where did the Renaissance begin and why?
Italy because it was a big trading and banking hub. They had patrons to support the arts and education
In what ways did the Renaissance have an impact on literature?
It allowed for new ideas to be spread in the vernacular and for new plays and books to be written
How did the Renaissance impact science and technology?
It allowed for new ideas to be spread and grown upon which created many new theories and inventions
How did the secular movement impact the Catholic Church?
people started to separate their everyday lives from their religious ones which caused the church to lose power
What effect did Johann Gutenberg have on the Renaissance?
he printed the Bible from the first printing press
Describe the importance of patrons during the Renaissance
they were able to support the arts which allowed the economy and Renaissance to continue
How did the Renaissance impact the European Economy and social classes?
It increased the economy and merchant class. There was also a growing middle class.
In what ways did the plague impact the birth of the Renaissance?
Because there were fewer laborers, they were able to charge more which then let them spend more on leisure activities.
Describe the contributions made by Da Vinci and Michelangelo
Da Vinci- Mona Lisa
Michelangelo- David
What impact did Machiavelli have on the government during the Renaissance?
he said that rulers should be feared rather than loved and told rulers how to expand their power. He set the standard for political science.
What is humanism?
a new interest in the classical past
How did the crusades impact the Renaissance?
it brought back knowledge from Asia to Europe
describe the contributions of the growing middle class in the Renaissance
they had more free time and money to spend on leisure activities
How did the printing press impact the development of ideas
It allowed for the spread of ideas because of the growing availability of said ideas
explain the role of Martin Luther in the Reformation
he created the 95 Theses and Lutheranism. This helped start the Reformation
What were the criticisms of the Catholic Church that started the Renaissance?
what they were preaching didn’t match the scripture and they were selling indulgences
What was the impact of the Catholic Counter-Reformation?
It led to strict conformity and terror and many deaths from the Inquisition
How did Henry VIII advance the Protestant Reformation?
He created the Church of England because he wanted to annul his marriage
Describe the idea of predestination as it relates to the Reformation
The Calvinists believed that God already chose who was going to Heaven and who could be condemned
What were the goals of the Catholic Counter-Reformation?
to solidify the authority of the Catholic Church
Describe the Inquisition
Inquisitors would put possible heretics on trial or torture them for answers. It was in hopes of ending the Reformation and regaining power
Describe the importance of the Council of Trent
they had to reclaim the authority of the Catholic Church in order to keep the Holy Roman Catholic Church alive
What were indulgences?
they were a fee you would pay to be forgiven of your past sins
How did John Calvin advance the protestant reformation?
he created Calvinism and continued Luther’s teachings. He also created a model Christian state in Geneva
Describe the contributions of Copernicus in advancing science
he came up with the heliocentric theory
The Scientific Revolution was characterized by the use of what to gain knowledge?
observation, experimentation, and the scientific method
What contributions to science were made by Descartes?
the scientific method
What contributions to science were made by Bacon?
the scientific method
What contributions to science were made by Newton?
laws of gravity
What contributions to science were made by Kepler?
created formulas and laws describing how the planets’ movements around the sun
What contributions to science were made by Galileo?
the telescope and proved heliocentrism
What contributions to science were made by Boyle?
Boyle’s law (the interaction between volume, temperature, and gas pressure)
What was the scientific method?
Make an observation, hypothesis, then test it
What theory did Galileo try to prove?
heliocentrism
In what ways did Galileo get in trouble with the Catholic Church?
he went on trial for heresy in the Inquisition trials and found guilty then was placed on house arrest for the rest of his life and forced to denounce his findings
