Exploration - Test Review Flashcards
What were the major motivations for European exploration?
God, Gold, and Glory
Europeans wanted direct trade to Asia
What were the main reasons Europeans tried to find new routes to Asia?
Constantinople was taken and the Ottomans charged high taxes to trade through
What impacts did the Ming Dynasty have on early exploration?
they were part of the beginning of exploration and helped establish maritime trade
What impact did the Ottoman Empire have on exploration?
They forced Europeans into finding new trade routes to Asia and China
What were the lasting impacts of Spanish exploration on the conquest of Central and South America?
Slavery, Pizza, World trade, decline in Native American population
Why did European monarchs encourage and fund exploration? What did they want?
they wanted wealth from the new world and control
What was the first global trade agreement between the Spanish and the Portuguese?
The Treaty of Tortesillas
How did Christianity impact the need for exploration?
They wanted to share their religion and spread it around the world
Describe the role of the conquistador:
Someone that would conquer the new world
Christopher Columbus -
Discovering the new world for Europeans
Vasco de Gama -
Sailed around the southern tip of Africa to India
Bartholomew Dias -
reached the Southern tip of Africa
Ferdinand Magellan -
He circumnavigated the globe
John Cabot -
Didn’t find the NW passage, found fish
Jacques Cartier -
Found St. Lawrence river, helped France claim Canada
Henry Hudson -
Hudson river + Bay
Zheng He -
a Chinese explorer that made lots of money for China
Prince Henry the Navigator -
Started a school of navigation
Herman Cortes -
reached Mexico but got ran out by the Aztec, came back and took it over.
Francisco Pizarro -
Took over the Inca Empire
List the major achievements of the Maya
12 month calendar, hieroglyphs
List the major achievements of the Aztecs
canals, bridges, chinampas (floating gardens)
List the major achievements of the Inca
2500 miles of territory, quipu, mita system, terrace farming, freeze drying, roads through mountains
Why were the Spanish Victorious against the native people of the Americas?
They brought diseases and had way better weapons
What shocking custom of the Aztecs and Maya did the Spanish learn about when they came to the new world?
Human Sacrifice
Describe the Mita system of the Inca Empire:
All citizens who could preform labor were required to do so for a set number of days out of the year. ( including the ruler)
Describe the Spanish Encomienda System in South America:
They forced native Americans to work in the gold and silver mines.
What unique ways did the Aztec and Inca grow their crops?
The Aztecs used chinampas.
The Inca used terracing.
What roles did the Spanish play in the silver trade?
The Spanish were in charge of mining and distributing the silver.
What happened because of the Spanish over mining silver?
Inflation
What is Potosí?
A mountain of silver in the Americas
What was the direct of result of the slave trade of West Africa?
The population decreased, some nations became wealthy from selling slaves but some fell apart from selling there people.
What was the Triangle Trade?
Europeans take resources back to Europe from America
Europeans bring resources to America
Europe brings slaves to America
What goods/items went where in the Triangle trade?
Americas: Slaves
Europe: Sugar, cotton, rum, and tobacco
Africa: pots, pans, guns, alcohol, and horses
Describe the Middle Passage:
The transportation of slaves to the Americas they has just enough room to sit up, some had to lie down.
What caused the need for the Atlantic Slave Trade to exist?
The native Americas died from disease, so the Europeans had no one to do the work from them.
How did the Atlantic Slave trade impact Europe?
Europe: Helped them become rich because of the materials coming in.
How did the Atlantic Slave trade impact the Americas?
Americas: Many natives were hulled from exhaustion.
How did the Atlantic Slave trade impact Africa?
Africa: 16 million people were taken. Population was able to grow because of food.
Describe the Positive impacts of the Colombian Exchange?
- New land/ resources
- animals
- better diets
Describe the Negative impacts of the Colombian Exchange?
- population decreased
- disease
- war
How did the Colombian Exchange impacts the Americas?
- diets improved
- animals
- Population decreased
How did the Colombian Exchange impacts the Europe?
- New land
- Corn and Potatoes
How did the Colombian Exchange impacts Africa?
- Populations
What were some of the goods exchanged between the “ old world and “ new world?”
- Sugar
- Cotton
- Tobacco
- Rum
- Coffee
What was the commercial revolution?
A time in which new business practices developed and changed in European society, the result of trade increased.
What is mercantilism?
An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers to become self-sufficient. Export more - import less
How is mercantilism related to colonization?
It encouraged the colonist to purchase good from England rather than rival nations
What Is the role of colonies?
They provided resources and raw materials that weren’t available in Europe
What was Sir Francis Drake’s role in changing the British Economy?
He would pirate Spanish ships to take their ships
What is a joint-stock company?
Privately owned companies that sold stock to investors
What advantages do joint-stock companies create for business people?
They can decrease the risk, investors can gain money.
What is capitalism?
An economic system based on private ownership and investment of wealth for profit.
How is capitalism related to exploration?
People would invest in ships
Describe the role of East India Companies in regards to global trade:
They were monopolies that controlled trade.
