Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Alice's finals cards > GUM > Flashcards

GUM Flashcards

1
Q

How is the vaginal pH kept low?

A

Lactobacilli are the main component of healthy vaginal bacterial flora. They produce lactic acid which keeps the pH under 4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which bacteria are most associated with BV?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the risk factors for BV?

A 
Multiple sexy partners
Excessive vaginal cleaning
Recent abx
Smoking
Copper coil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does BV present?

A

Watery grey or white fishy smelling discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which investigations should be done for BV?

A

Assess vaginal pH using swab and paper. Usually 3.5-4.5 but in BV it is >7

Standard charcoal vaginal swab

BV shows clue cells on microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the management of BV?

A

Metronidazole

Education about how to clean your fanny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the risk factors for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Increased oestrogen (pregnancy)

Poorly controlled diabetes

Immunosupression

Broad spectrum antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does vaginal candidiasis present?

A

Thick, white discharge which doesn’t typically smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the investigations for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Test the vaginal pH using a swab and pH paper. Will be <4.5. This means you can differentiate between this and BV. Bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas (pH > 4.5) and candidiasis (pH < 4.5).

Charcoal swab with microscopy can confirm the diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the management options for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Clotrimazole cream or pessary

Oral fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should people be warned about when commencing candidiasis treatment?

A

Antifungal creams and pessaries can damage condoms and prevent spermacides from working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is chlamydia gram positive or negative?

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When should people who have had chlamydia be re-tested?

A

3 months after treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are charcoal swabs used for?

A

Microscopy, culture and sensitivities

They can be used for endocervical swabs and high vaginal swabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are NAAT swabs used for?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test swabs are used to check for DNA or RNA. They can test for chlamydia or gonorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which samples can a NAAT test be performed on?

A

In vaginas= endocervical, first catch urine

Willies= first catch urine, urethral swabs

and: rectal, pharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can chlamydia present?

A

Fannies= vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, dypareunia, dysuria

Willies= urethral discharge, dysuria, epididymo-orchitis, reactive arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can chlamydia be diagnosed?

A

NAAT test on swab or urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the management of chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline PO 100mg twice a day for 7 days

Contact tracing and notification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Affects the lymphoid tissue around the site of chlamydia infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does lymphogranuloma venereum present?

A

Primary stage= painless ulcer

Secondary stage= lymphadenitis

Tertiary stage= inflammation of the rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the management of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Doxycycline 100mg twice a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of bacteria is neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Gram negative diplococcus

24
Q

How does gonorrhoea present?

A

Odourless purulent discharge
Dysuria
Testicular pain
Pelvic pain

25
How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?
NAAT to detect RNA or DNA Do a pharyngeal and rectal swab in MSM Charcoal swab should also be taken before antibiotic therapy
26
How should gonorrhoea be managed?
IM ceftriaxone 1g Single dose of oral ciprofloxacin if sensitivities are known All patients should have a 'test of cure' due to high levels of resistance
27
What is disseminated gonococcal infection?
Complication of untreated gonococcal infection where the bacteria spreads to the skin and joints. Leads to skin lesions, polyartralgia, tenosynovitis
28
What is the presentation of mycoplasma genitalium?
Non-gonococcal urethritis
29
How is mycoplasma genitalium managed?
Doxycycline 100mg BD for 7 days followed by azithromycin 1g stat and the 500mg OD for 2 days
30
Which bacteria are the common causes of infection in pelvic inflammatory disease?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma genitalium
31
What are risk factors for PID?
Not using barrier contraception Multiple sexual partners Young age Intrauterine device
32
How may PID present?
``` Pelvic pain Abnormal vaginal discharge pain during sex fever dysuria ```
33
How can PID be diagnosed?
NAAT swabs for gonorrhoea and chlamydia HIV and syphillis test Microscopy for pus cells Inflammatory markers raised
34
How is PID managed?
IM ceftriaxone Doxycycline 100mg BD for 14 days Metronidazole 400mg for 14 days
35
What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?
Complication of PID. Causes inflammation and infection of the liver capsule Results in RUQ pain management is adhesiolysis
36
What type of micro-organism is trichomonas vaginalis?
A parasite Protozoan with flagella
37
What are the complications of trichomonas?
Increases the risk of contracting HIV Bacterial vaginosis Cervical cancer PID
38
How does trichomonas present?
Vaginal discharge which is frothy, green and has a fishy smell Strawberry cervix Raised vaginal pH
39
How is trichomonas diagnosed?
Standard charcoal swab with microscopy
40
What is the management of trichomonas?
Metronidazole
41
Which strain of herpes is most associated with cold sores?
HS-1
42
Which strain of herpes is most associated with genital herpes?
HS-2
43
When do symptoms of herpes usually present?
2 weeks after infection
44
What is the presentation of herpes?
``` Ulcers Neuropathic pain Flu like symptoms Dysuria Inguinal lympahdenopathy ```
45
How can genital herpes be diagnosed?
Viral PCR and clinically
46
What is the management of genital herpes?
Aciclovir
47
Is herpes ok during pregnancy?
Genital herpes is not known to cause pregnancy related complications or congenital abnormalities. Herpes can be passed on during delivery causing neornatal herpes simplex infection. This has high mortality and morbidity Treat with aciclovir and then do a caesarean section to reduce the risk of transmission
48
Which bacteria causes syphillis?
Treponema pallidum
49
How can syphillis be contracted?
Oral, vaginal, anal sex Vertical transmission IVDU Blood transfusions
50
What is the presentation of primary syphillis?
Painless ulcer (chancre) at the original site of infection
51
What is the presentation of secondary syphillis?
Involves systemic symptoms, particularly of the skin and mucous membranes. Symptoms resolve after 3-12 weeks Symptoms: maculopapular rash, condylomata lata, low grade fever
52
What is the latent stage of syphillis?
Patient is asymptomatic after the secondary stage of syphilis Early latent syphilis occurs within 2 years of the initial infection. Late latent syphilis is after 2 years.
53
What is the tertiary stage of syphilis?
Presents with the development of gummas and CV and neuro complications Gummas are granulomatous lesions which affect the skin
54
What is the name of the specific finding in neurosyphillis? What does this mean?
Argyll-Robertson pupil Constricted pupil that accommodates when focusing on near object but does not react to light
55
How can syphilis be diagnosed?
Antibody testing for antibodies to the T.palladium bacteria which can be used as a screening test for syphilis. Dark field microscopy Polymerase chain reacrion (PCR) Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) Veneral disease reasearch lab (VDRL)
56
How is syphilis managed?
Single deep IM dose of benzathine benzylpencillin

Alice's finals cards (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions