guinea pigs

Question 1

blood collection sites

Answer 1

lateral saphenous**, lingual, marginal ear, dorsal vein of penis, cranial vena cava ** large collection

Question 2

Blood Volume

Answer 2

7 mL/ 100 g

Question 3

Can safely collect

Answer 3

0.5-0.7 mL/ 100 g

Question 4

IV injections

Answer 4

difficult

marginal ear veins, dorsal or lateral metatarsal vein, saphenous vein

Question 5

Dosing needle

Answer 5

16-18 guage, 3-4 inches

Question 6

gastric tube

Answer 6

1.5-6 mm in diameter

Question 7

Urine collection

Answer 7

cystocentesis with 25 G needle

anesthesia required

Question 8

Clinpath in GP’s

Answer 8

ALT has low activity in hepatocytes
hypercholesterolemia is common
Kurloff cell is unique leukocyte

Question 9

Kurloff cell

Answer 9

unique leukocyte
origin is controversial
highest in pregnant females
create physiological barrier between fetus/ mom

Question 10

Anatomy/ physiology

Answer 10

crepuscular:  dawn and dusk
stict herbivores
molars:  grinding vegetative matter
exhibit cecotrophy
require vit C supplementation
open rooted teeth
stomach:  monogastric glandular
Transit:  20 hrs
Gram + bacteria with anaerobic lactobacillus and few clostridia

Question 11

Hindgut

Answer 11

Cecum: large majority of L ventral abdomen, 65% of GI contents
Colon: dark green, longitudinal furrow separating high protein and smaller particles form poor quality material passing as dry fecal pellets
antiperistalsis

Question 12

Anorexia

Answer 12

Primary: malocclusions, hindgut dysbiosis (change in microflora) and motility
Secondary: resulting from hind gut disorder or dental dz

Question 13

Diarrhea causes

Answer 13

changes in diet, stress, anesthesia, illness, reproduction –> changes in gut flora
coccidia
candida albicans
clostridial infections

Question 14

nasal cavity

Answer 14

lined by sensitive olfactory epithelium

Question 15

Thorax

Answer 15

heart large portion so relatively small lungs

Question 16

Respiratory dz

Answer 16

vit C deficiency
strep
staph aureus and chlamydia psittici
bortdatella bronchiseptica

Question 17

Bordatella bronchiseptica

Answer 17

conjunctivitis, rhinitis, tracheitis, respiratory distress, weight loss, otitis, death, abortion
Dx: culture bronchial, nasal ocular secretions
rads
Tx: baytril, TMS, injectable gentamycin
supportive care
vaccine: controversial for causing carrier state

Question 18

Chlamydial conjunctivities

Answer 18

1-3 weeks
dx: conjunctival scraping and staining for elementary bodies
Tx: ophthalmic tetracycline, systemic doxycycline

Question 19

klebsiella pneumonia

Answer 19

sudden death
tx: supportive, gentamycin, tobramycin, enrofloxacin
torticollis, seizures, incoordination, weakness

Question 20

Dystocia

Answer 20

not bred prior to 8 months

fusion of symphysis

Question 21

Mammary gland tumor

Answer 21

adenocarcinoma/ fibroadenoma

metastasis uncommon

Question 22

Uroliths

Answer 22

calcium salt uroliths
stranguria, pollakiuria, vocalization when urinating hematuria
surgical removal

Question 23

cystic ovaries

Answer 23

incidental, alopecia, hematuria, abdominal distension, lethargy
Dx: palpation, radiographs, ultrasound, surgical biopsy
Tx: ovariectomy

Question 24

pregnancy toxemia

Answer 24

last 2 weeks
negative energy balance and metabolism of fat
cs: anorexia, lethargy, dyspnea,death
tx: nutritional support

Question 25

Trixicarus caviae

Answer 25

sarcoptoid mite
intense pruritis, seizure
dx: skin scraping
Tx: ivermectin, selemectin

Question 26

gyropus ovalis and gliricola porcelli

Answer 26

lice
pruritis
alopecia
poor coat quality or no signs

Question 27

demodicosis

Answer 27

tx: ivermectin and selemectin

Question 28

dermatophytosis

Answer 28

trichophyton metagorphytes
circular, scaled, lesions
face and head
dx:  fungal culture
zoonotic

Question 29

Cervical lymphadenitis: lumps

Answer 29

strep zoo or yersinia pseudotubrculosis
severe swelling of cervical lymph nodes with thick purulent exudate
systemic with lesions affecting heart, lungs, kidneys, skin
bite wounds, abrasions in mouth from food
tx: surgical excision of affected nodes and antibiotics based on culture/ sensitivity
yersinia is ZOONOTIC

Question 30

pododermatitis

Answer 30

staph, same as in rabbits

Question 31

trichofolliculoma

Answer 31

most comomn cutaneous
benign
on dorsum
round and hairless