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INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY > GUIDEWIRES & VASCULAR CATHETERS > Flashcards

GUIDEWIRES & VASCULAR CATHETERS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the guidewires?

A

allow the safe introduction of the catheter into the vessel and selective positioning of catheters within the vascular system

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2
Q

What is the construction of the guidewire?

A

flexible tip & rigid tail

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3
Q

What part of the guidewire is introduced first into the blood vessel

A

flexible tip

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4
Q

What are the advantages of using a solid stainless steel guidewire?

A

it reduces:
1. Tip Flaring
2. Blood clotting
3. Abrasion
4. Danger or raveling

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5
Q

what are the disadvantages of using a solid stainless steel guidewire?

A

lack of versatility

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6
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a wrapped guidewire?

A

a - more versatile
d - can damage the vessel/catheter

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7
Q

To reduce the possibility of injury, most wrapped guidewires are improved by using the ____________ coated or _________ coated wrappings

A

heparin/ teflon

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8
Q

Made of stainless steel or NITINOL

A

central core

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9
Q

What is the purpose of using stainless steel or nitinol in the central core of the guidewire?

A

provides turn-for-turn
torque control without compromising flexibility

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10
Q

What is the distal flexible spring coil made of?

A

platinum or tungsten

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11
Q

What is the purpose of using the platinum/tungsten in the DISTAL FLEXIBLE SPRING COIL

A

for enhanced fluoroscopic visualization

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12
Q

Usually made up of PTFE or teflon materials with Hydrophilic Coating

A

Outer coating

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13
Q

2 types of central core

A

fixed & movable

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14
Q

Refers to the response of the guidewire or catheter to twisting and turning

A

Torque

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15
Q

Another term for the torque device

A

torque vise/ deflector handle

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16
Q

what is the torque device for?

A

Used to direct the guidewire towards the
desired arterial branch

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17
Q

2 kinds of tip configuration

A

straight tip & j-shaped tip

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18
Q

what is the difference between the straight tip & j-shaped tip?

A

S - measured in length
- fixed - core straight - 3cm
- movable - core straight - 10-15cm

J - measured in radius
- about 3mm to 3cm

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19
Q

what are the 3 guidewire lengths?

A

Short guidewires (30-50cm)
Average Length guidewires (100-150cm)
Long Guidewires (260 cm)

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20
Q

Guidewire that is usually used for percutaneous or direct vascular punctures

A

Short guidewires

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21
Q

Guidewire that is used for adults undergoing selective angiography

A

Average length guidewires

22
Q

Long guidewires are used for what?

A

Used when interchanging vascular catheters

23
Q

The diameters of guidewires are
measured in __________

A

fractions of an inch or mm

24
Q

range sizes of diameters of guidewires

A

0.014” (0.35 mm) to 0.052” (1.32 mm)

25
Q

What is the most common diameter used for adults?

A

0.035” (0.89 mm) and 0.038” (0.97 mm)

26
Q

Factors to Consider in Selecting the Diameter of Guidewires

A

Needle gauge
Vessel size
Size of the lumen of vascular catheter

27
Q

If the guidewire does not advance smoothly, it may be because of

A
  1. Tortous vessel
  2. Position of needle
28
Q

Precautions when using guidewires

A
  • The bevel of the needle should be positioned facing upward
  • Avoid cleaning the guidewire too often during
    the examination
  • Discard guidewire after each use
29
Q

A long hollow, thin tube with one to several holes at its distal end

A

vascular catheters

30
Q

purpose of vascular catheters

A

serves as a pipeline through which contrast medium can be injected

31
Q

Materials used for a vascular catheter?

A

teflon
polyethylene
polyurethane
dacron

32
Q

Characteristics of teflon

A
  • Has the lowest coefficient of friction
  • Has an excellent memory
  • can withstand high temperature
33
Q

characteristics of polyethylene

A
  • Has a medium coefficient of friction
  • softer than Teflon
  • can be sterilized with cold or hot gas
34
Q

Contains the same memory, softness, and sterilization requirements

A

polyurethane

35
Q

Used in pulmonary and cardiac angiography
and in obtaining cardiac pressures

A

dacron

36
Q

readily visualized under fluoroscopy, which facilitates catheter placement. Most angiographic studies use _______ catheter material.

A

radiopaque

37
Q

_________ catheters are used for visualization
of air bubbles

A

radiolucent

38
Q

The outer diameter of the catheter is most commonly expressed in what scale?

A

french scale

39
Q

The French scale has an increment of approximately

A

0.33 mm or 1/3mm

40
Q

What is the rule fo the french scale

A

The smaller the scale, the smaller the millimeter

41
Q

what are the french sizes for the children when using vascular catheters?

A

3-6

42
Q

What are the french sizes of vascular catheters used for adults?

A

4-7

43
Q

Catheter shapes can be categorized into four basic shapes:

A

Straight tip, single curve, double/multiple curve, pigtail

44
Q

This ______ holed catheters are used for larger
vessels

A

multiple

45
Q

Smaller vessels may require a catheter with only _____ end hole

A

1

46
Q

Advantages of the combination of end holes and side holes

A
  1. Reduces trauma to the vessel
  2. Enhances the mixing of contrast media with the blood.
  3. It also reduces any recoil caused by jet-effect of a high-pressure injector
47
Q

Disadvantage of using the combination of end holes & side holes in catheters

A

There is an increase potential of blood clotting using multiple holed catheter

48
Q

What are the other types of catheter?

A

Guiding catheter, microcatheter, special catheres

49
Q

Catheter that is used for a variety of angiographic and interventional procedures are also available such as brockenbrough catheter, balloon catheter, and atherocath

A

special catheters

50
Q

A catheter that is placed through standard angiographic catheters to allow entry into small or tortuous arteries guided by small steerable
guidewires.

A

Microcatheter

51
Q

A catheter that is used to allow safer or more secure passage of devices into the vessel

A

guiding catheter

INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY (14 decks)

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