GUIDE FOR THE CARE AND USE OF AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS IN RESEARCH AND TEACHING Flashcards
Ag: Must
Indicates that the animal care and use must be as stated.
Ag: Performance Standard
Describes a desired outcome while providing the flexibility and discretion needed to achieve that outcome to those individuals who are responsible for managing the animal care and use program.
Ag: Should
Indicates that the animal care and use ought to be as indicated unless otherwise justified.
Ag: Recommendation
Indicates an appropriate way of doing things but leaves room for other approaches that achieve the same result.
A research program that uses agricultural species, this IACUC should include each of the following:
A scientist with experience in agricultural research or teaching and management of these species.
A veterinarian with training and experience in agricultural animal medicine and who is licensed to practice veterinary medicine.
A person whose primary concern is in an area outside of science.
A person not affiliated with the institution and who is not a family member of an individual affiliated with the institution.
An animal, dairy, or poultry scientist who has training or experience in the management of agricultural animals.
The Ag Guide identifies the following special considerations for institutional policies- Hazards:
Specialized facilities and equipment may be necessary for certain hazardous materials, such as biological materials and toxins deemed select agents by federal law.
The potential for milk, eggs or meat from agricultural animals to become contaminated by hazardous chemicals should also be assessed.
All hazardous chemicals should be properly labeled, stored and disposed of, and a record of their purchase and expiry dates made.
The Ag Guide identifies the following special considerations for institutional policies- genetically engineered (GE), genetically edited (GEd) and cloned animals:
GE and GEd animals are regulated by the USDA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) so care should be taken to ensure compliance.
The FDA deems cloning, the products of animal clones, and their progeny to be safe.
The disposition of animal clones may be of interest to animal agriculture, stakeholders in the food chain, and the US government because of issues involving the emergence of new policies by international country governments. Thus, it is suggested that institutions and researchers participate in the Livestock Industry Clone Registry, which allows animal clones to the registered as part of the US Supply Chain Management Program.
Ag: residue avoidance
Agricultural animals are subject to specific regulation to prevent any chemicals that they may have been exposed to from entering the food supply chain.
FDA approved drugs used according to the instructions on the label
Drugs used in an extra-label fashion
Other chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides and wood preservatives
The Food Animal Residue Avoidance database
A project sponsored by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. The FARAD Compendium of FDA Approved Drugs provides information about drugs that are available for treating animal diseases, the withholding times for milk and eggs, and pre-slaughter withdrawal times for meat.
Ag: Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) exemption
The event that animals are to be given a new drug for investigative purposes, no meat, milk, or eggs from those animals may be processed for human food, unless authorization has been granted by the FDA or the USDA,
Ag: Humane Methods of Slaughter Act
Slaughter of animals entering the human food chain must take into account the treatment of the animals before and during slaughter and must meet the requirements promulgated under the federal Humane Methods of Slaughter Act. The Food Safety and Inspection Service of USDA is responsible for ensuring compliance with this Act.
Ag: Livestock Weather Safety Index (LWSI)
The LWSI describes categories of heat stress associated with hot weather conditions and serves to notify producers when the potential for heat stress in livestock exists.
Ag: thermal neutrality
A point where minimal metabolic energy is required to maintain body temperature
Ag: ventilation rate
The ventilation rate should be high enough to prevent indoor temperature from exceeding outdoor temperature by more than 3°C (5°F) when the atmospheric temperature is above 32°C (90°F) for small animals and above 25°C (78°F) for larger ones.
Ag: excreta management
The health of workers and animals, to prevent pollution, minimize odors, dust vermin and parasites and to comply with applicable laws and inspection requirements.
A written plan should be implemented for regular cleaning and disinfection of the facilities.
Waste containers should be emptied frequently and manure removed regularly, unless a deep litter system or built-up manure pack is used.
If sanitation depends on heat, water temperature should be at least 82°C (180°F).
An all-in, all-out regimen with disinfection of quarters between groups of animals can be used. Spreading manure on pastures is acceptable, but may spread toxins and pathogens.
Animal health programs should cover the use of sanitizing chemicals and provide information on handling regional endemic infectious diseases.
