Gugmang Gi-Atay Flashcards
1
Q
Generates the highest impulse?
A
SA Node
2
Q
Only procedure to MEASURE cardiac FUNCTION?
A
2D Echo
3
Q
Graphic recording of electrical potential generated by the heart?
A
ECG
4
Q
3 components that produce electric currents, initiating cardiac contraction?
A
- Cardiac pacemaker cells
- Specialized conductive tissue
- Heart muscles
5
Q
SA Node location?
A
Upper Posterior Wall of Right Atrium
6
Q
Located between the Atrium and Ventricles
A
AV Node
7
Q
Phases of cardiac electric activation where P WAVE is seen?
A
Atrial Contraction
8
Q
Rapid Upstroke
A
Phase 0
9
Q
Phase that corresponds to QRS complex
A
Phase 0
10
Q
Depolarization
A
Phase 0
11
Q
Plateau
A
Phase 2
12
Q
Correspond to the ISOELECTRIC ST segment
A
Phase 2
13
Q
Active repolarization phase
A
Phase 3
14
Q
Correspond to the inscription of the wave
A
Phase 3
15
Q
Allows time of the ventricles to relax
A
PR Interval
16
Q
Prolonged PR interval
A
1st Degree AV Block
17
Q
Lead that serves as electrical ground
A
Right Leg
18
Q
Right Ventricles is assess and shows mirror image?
A
V3R
V4R
19
Q
Major blood supply of the heart?
A
Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery
20
Q
Most common site of blood clot in the heart?
A
Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery
21
Q
Right Coronary Artery Supplies:
A
Posterior Wall
Right Ventricles
SA Node
22
Q
Use clenched fist over the sternum describing an Angina
A
Levine’s Sign
23
Q
Bradycardia + Hypotension
A
Bezold Jarisch Reflex
24
Q
Bezold Jarisch Reflex associated with
A
Right Ventricular Infarct
Posterior Wall Infarct
25
Morphine is contraindicated
Bezold Jarisch Reflex
26
Tachycardia + Hypertension during ana acute MI
James Reflex
27
Morphine is indicated
James Reflex
28
James Reflex seen in
Anterior Wall MI
29
Depolarization of atria in response to SA node triggering
P waves
30
Allowing ventricular FILLINGS
PR Interval
31
Ventricular Depolarization
QRS complex
32
Triggers main pumping contraction
QRS Complex
33
Beginning of Ventricular Repolarizarion, should be FLAT
ST Segment
34
Ventricular Repolarization
T Wave
35
PR Interval normal value
0.12 - 0.20
36
QT Interval normal values
```
Males: = 0.45
Females: = 0.47
```
37
Absence of P Waves
Atrial Fibrillation
38
Always SINUS RHYTHM
Presence of P Wave
39
Biphasic or Inverted P Wave
Left Atrial Enlargement
40
Will develop LVH and/or Hypertension
Left Atrial Enlargement
41
New onset of LBBB
Myocardial Infarction
42
Rabbits Ear Appearance
RBBB
43
RSR appearance
RBBB
44
Most common mechanism of cardiac arrest in Ischemia and MI
Ventricular Fibrillation
45
PR Interval is > 0.12
First Degree Block
46
Progressive increase in P-R interval until one P wave is blocked
Secondary Degree AV Block
47
Sign to put PACEMAKER
Type II (MOBITZ II)
48
Is a 2nd degree AV Block in which the PR Interval becomes progressively longer until the AV Node is not penetrated
Wencheback Phenomenon
49
Delta waves on ECG
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW)
50
Pre-excitation Syndrome
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW)
51
Very common, loss of P wave, will end up to V. tach
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
52
Pharmacological mgt of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
1st: ADENOSINE
2nd: Verapamil
53
Maneuver mgt of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Carotid Massage
54
Mgt of Hemodynamic Unstable
Cardiovert
| If px is awake give Diazepam then Cardiovert
55
Saw tooth appearance
Atrial Flutter
56
SCN5A located on the short arm of the 3rd chromosomes 3p21
Brugada Syndrome
57
Young male patient presented with ST Segment elevation suggested
Brugada Syndrome
58
Sodium Channel is the defect
Brugada Syndrome
59
ECG Findings of Brugada Syndrome
```
ST Elevation ( Saddle and Coved Type)
RBBB V1-V3
```
60
Thin-walled with fair amount of ELASTICITY and DISTENSIBILITY. VALVELESS
Atrium/Atria
61
Ejects blood against low pressure of pulmonary circulation
Right Ventricles
62
Blood against high pressure of systemic circulation
Left Ventricles
63
1 hgb = ? Oxygen
1.34mL oxygen
64
Cardiac valves contains 2 cusps?
Mitral Valve
65
Normal amount of pericardial fluid?
30mL
66
Node of Keith and Flack
SA Node
67
SA node location
Lies in the sulcus between superior vena cava and right atrium
68
Backman
Anterior Internodal Pathway
69
Wenkeback
Middle Internodal Pathway
70
Posterior Internodal Pathway
Thorel
71
Found in the posterior wall of the Right Atrium
Atrio-Ventricular Node
72
Major venous drainage of the heart
Coronary Sinus
73
Deliver OXYgenated blood to the organs
systemic ARTERIES
74
Thick walled and under HIGH PRESSURE
systemic ARTERIES
75
Site of highest resistance
Arterioles
76
Largest total cross sectional and surface area
Capillaries
77
Site where exchange of nutrients, water and gases occurs
Capillaries
78
Lowest Pressure, contains DEOXYgenated blood and with VALVES
Veins
79
Pressure gradient is INVERSELY proportional to the total peripheral resistance
Blood Flow
80
Change in RESISTANCE of blood flow can be expressed by
Poiseuille Equation
81
Is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to viscosity of blood
Resistance
82
Stream Line or straight line
Laminar Flow
83
Different directions of flow
Turbulent Flow
84
Predict whether blood flow will be laminar or turbulent.
Reynold's Number
85
Ruptures of blood vessels happened in
Bifurcation
86
Value is related to RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE
Preload
87
The most important determine factors for preload
Venous Return
88
Preload is equal to
End Diastolic Volume
89
The tension(arterial pressure) against which the ventricules must contract.
Afterload
90
If arterial pressure increase, what happened to afterload?
Increase
91
Also known as End-systolic wall stress resistance
Afterload
92
Is the volume of blood PUMPED each minute
Cardiac Output
93
Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
Cardiac Ouput
94
Is the difference between RESTING and MAXIMAL cardiac output
Cardiac Reserve
95
End DIASTOLIC Volume minus End SYSTOLIC Volume
Stroke Volume
96
Amount of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle
Stroke Volume
97
Relationship between Cardiac Output and Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume (or the relationship between stroke volume and right atrial pressure)
Frank-Sterlings Principle
98
Amount of blood collecting in a ventricle during DIASTOLE
End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)
99
Amount of blood remaining in a ventricular after contraction
End-Systolic Volume (ESV)
100
3 Factors Determine Stroke Volume
Preload
Afterload
Contractility
101
Atrial Reflex
Bainbridge Reflex
102
A sympathetic reflex initiated by increased blood in the aorta
Bainbridge Reflex
103
Cause stimulation of the SA Node
Bainbridge Reflex
