GU/Reproductive System/Contrast Media Flashcards
How much urine is normally excreted from adult kidneys daily
1-2 L
Name the 3 Kidney Functions:
1) Remove waste from blood 2) Maintain Fluid & Electrolytes 3) Secrete substances affecting blood pressure
Microscopic functional units of the kidneys are called?
Nephrons
Know Renal Pelvis Anatomy
See pic
Cluster of Capillaries contained within the nephron
Glomerulus
The ________ serves as the filter for blood in the kidney
Glomerulus
The cup-shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive urine from the collecting ducts:
Calyces
Recently IV-injected contrast media (ROCM) is found in the:
Blood filtrate & urine
Retrograde
Contrast medium is introduced against the bodies normal flow in some radiography urinary procedures
Nonionic contrast agents contain iodine but are preferred over ionic agents b/c
They produce fewer reactions
What are common reactions to contrast
Warmth & flushing
Significant reactions to contrast media include:
Nausea, vomiting, & edema of respiratory mucous membrane
All life threatening reactions usually occur within _______
20 minutes of injection
IVU/IVP prep includes:
1) light p.m. meal 2) non-gas laxative 3) NPO after midnight
Exp technique for IVU/IVP should have sufficient contrast & density to demonstrate:
1) Outline of kidneys 2) Lower boarder of the liver 3) lateral margin of Psoas muscle
Who & what must be readily available during IVU/IVP
RN & crash cart
If BP is normal, the greatest concentration of contrast media will appear in the kidneys after
15-20 minutes
What is the degree of rotation for an AP Oblique projection of the urinary system
30 degrees
Retrograde urography:
1) Ureters are catherized 2) Provides little physiological information 3) contrast injected directly into the pelvicalyceal system
Which technique is used to get contrast into the bladder for a cystogram
Retrograde filling technique
What is the abbreviation for the excretory technique of urography
IVU/IVP
Which projection places the R kidney perpendicular to the IR
RPO
Retrograde urography is considered a _______ examination
Operative Examination
A severe reaction to contrast medium is also called:
Anaphylactic Reaction
A moderate reaction to contrast would be
Vomiting
Name the calculation that uses the creatinine level, age, gender, & body size for the indicator of kidney function
Glomerular filtration rate
What is the normal GFR
120-125 mL/min
What does a GFR
Renal Dysfunction
What is the normal creatinine level in blood
0.6-1.2mg/100ml
Know %W/W Concentration
% W/W = g/g+ml x 100
% W/V concentration
% W/V = g/ml x 100
Female Reproductive system includes:
Ovaries & uterine tubes
Parts of the male reproductive system include:
1) testes 2) seminal vesicle 3) bulbourethral glands
Hysterosalopingography (HSG)
Radiographic examination of the uterus & uterine tubes
Measurement of the fetal head & pelvic outlet can be performed using:
Sonography & pelvimetry (Cochlear-Sussman method)
Male Radiographic Examinations of the male reproductive structures (testes & prostate) are done using:
Sonography
