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Advanced positioning 2015 > GI tract/Biliary system > Flashcards

GI tract/Biliary system Flashcards

1
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

Parotid-Lgst salivary gland

Submandibular

Sublingual-Smallest salivary gland

1 L of saliva is produced daily

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2
Q

Opening of parotid duct

A

Stenson’s duct opens into oral vestiblue opposite the 2nd molar

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3
Q

Larynx:

A

Voice organ

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4
Q

Pharynx:

A

Passageway for food & air

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5
Q

The liver is mostly located:

A

Upper right quadrant

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6
Q

Biliary tree components:

A

L & R Hepatic Ducts

Common hepatic duct

cystic duct

Common bile ducct

pancreatic duct

hepatopancreatic ampulla

sphincter of oddi

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7
Q

Identify cross sectional image of liver…

A

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8
Q

An image of an abdomen should demonstrate…

A

Psoas muscles

lower boarder of liver

kidneys

ribs

transverse process of vertebrae

free air

air fluid levels

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9
Q

Prime considerations for positioning a KUB

A

Hypersthenic pts require 2 CW abdomen projections

Taller pts may require a separate bladder shot

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10
Q

Upright abdomen positioning, breathing instructions and “look for”

A

IR centered 2” above iliac crests

high enough to include the diaphragm

suspend on expiration

look for free air or hiatal hernia

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11
Q

Horizontal beam placement for which ABD projections

A

Lataral dorsal decubitus

L Lateral decubitus

PA/AP upright

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12
Q

What is the default position for a decub abd image if not specified & why?

A

L Lateral decubitus

Air fluid levels only see with right side up

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13
Q

Pre exposure delays before imaging the abd for suspected large and small amounts of air/gas:

A

Patient in dorsal decubitus (supine) position at least 11-20 min for intraperitoneal gas & 5 min for lg amounts of gas

Page 89

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14
Q

Name the organs in the pelvic cavity:

A

Rectum

Sigmoid

urinary bladder

reproducctive organs

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15
Q

Peritoneum

A

2 parted sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity

inner layer-visceral (organs) peritoneum

outer layer-parietal peritoneum

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16
Q

Which body plane is perpendicular to long axis of grid for lat abd?

A

MCP

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17
Q

Space behind peritoneum where the kidneys & pancreas lie

A

retroperitoneum

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18
Q

4 parts of the stomach

A

cardia-surrounds esophageal opening

fundus-fills L hemidiaphragm

Greater curvature is lateral

body-between fundus & pyloric portion

pyloric portion-between stomach & duodenum

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19
Q

Contrast media for upper GI tract:

A

single & double contrast studies

double contrast-includes barius & fizzies (gas producing substance)

Biphasic exam-single & double contrast combination in single exam

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20
Q

Respiration phase for imaging upper GI tract:

A

Quiet nasal breathing

pg 21

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21
Q

Patient pret for UGI in the am:

A

Food & fluids withheld after midnight or 8-9 hrs prior to exam

empty stomach

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22
Q

Body rotation for a PA Obl esophagus

what is the rotation degree

What does it demonstrate

A

RAO position rotated 35-40 degrees

Demonstrates esophagus between heart & spine

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23
Q

Advantages of double contrast technique for UGI….

A

Small lesions are less likely obscured & mucosal lining of stomach is easily visualized

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24
Q

What drug is given to relax the GI tract for a stomach exam?

A

Glucagon or other anticholinergenic meds are given to relax GI tract

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25
Q

What is the sagittal plane placement for a PA stomach & duodenum…

A

Sagittal Plane passing 1/2 way between vertebral column & L lateral boarder of abdomen, collimating to stomach when using 24x30

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26
Q

What is the sagittal plane placement for a PA stomach & duodenum using 35x43 imaging field

A

Sagittal plane passing 1/2way between vertebral column & L lateral boarder of abd, collimating to stomach when using 35x43

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27
Q

PA obl rotation of the stomach & duodenum

A

RAO rotated 40-70 degrees

demonstrates the pyloric canal, duodenall loop, & bulb

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28
Q

AP Obl rotation of stomach & duodenum

What degrees?

What does it demonstrate?

A

LPO rotated 30-60 degrees (45 is ave)

demonstate the stomach, barium in fundus, duodenal loop & bulb

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29
Q

right lateral stomach & duodenum visualizes

A

the anterior & posterior aspects of stomach, pyloric canal, duodenal bulb

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30
Q

`AP stomach & duodenum demonstrates

A

stomach

duodenal loop

barium filled fundus

body

pylorus

duodenal bulb

double contrast viualization

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31
Q

Which projection of the stomach demonstrated its anterior and posterior surfaces?

A

R lateral

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32
Q

Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm…

A

hiatal hernia

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33
Q

The formula for W/V % in contrast is…

A

% W/V = g/ml x 100

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34
Q

MBS is used to dx:

A

aspiration

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35
Q

Breathing instructions for soft tissue neck…

A

Expose during slow inspiration near end of inhalation also known as quiet breathing

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36
Q

Who normally participates in BA swallow exam?

A

Radiologist & RT

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37
Q

Who normally participates in MBS exam?

A

Speech pathologist

38
Q

What is the valsalva maneuver?

What does it rule out?

A

forcible exhalation against a closed glottis also known as bearing down

used for esophagram to r/out reflux

39
Q

PA stomach & duodenum demonstrates..

A

Stomach (air in fundus) & duodenal loop

40
Q

ERCP

A

gallbladder images by U/S

41
Q

RAO esophagus

A

Demonstrates esophagus between heart & spine

42
Q

PA Obl stomach

A

RAO stomach (on stomach, prone)

Fundus-dome shaped highest point of stomach filled with air

Duodenal loop & bulb

43
Q

PA stomach

A

Demonstrates stomach (air in fundus) & duodenal loop

44
Q

R lat stomach

A

Allows stomach to hang free

look for cubed vertebrae

R retrogastric space, duodenal loop & duodenaljejunal junction with air and gas in fundus

45
Q

AP Obl Stomach

A

LPO Stomach

Look for open z joints

(scottie dog)

Fundus filled with barium

46
Q

AP stomach

A

Look @ spinous processes (centered) fundus filled with contrast

47
Q

What is respiration phase for imaging upper GI tract

A

Suspend expiration

48
Q

Decubitus

A

Always a horizontal CR

49
Q

3 portions of small bowel:

A

duodenum

jejunum

ileum

50
Q

Majority of small bowel is attached to the abdominal wall by?

A

mesentery

51
Q

functions of small bowel:

A

digestion & absorption of food

52
Q

Functions of large bowel:

A

reabsorption of fluids & elimination of waste products

53
Q

Layers of the colon wall:

A

fibrous

muscular

submucosal

mucosal layers

54
Q

The veriform appendix attaches to the:

A

posteromedial cecum

55
Q

Opening/connection between small/lg intestine:

A

ileocecal valve

56
Q

Sections of the colon

A

ascending

transverse

descending sigmoid

57
Q

most common contrast medium used in the GI tract

A

single-barium sulfate

double-barium then air

58
Q

List 3 methods to record/display the fluoroscopic image

A

TV

digital image camera

spot film camera

cine film

59
Q

Patient prep for SBS:

A

Soft or low residue diet for 2 days before study

food and fluid withheld after evening meal on day B4 exam

breakfast withheld on day of exam

AP or PA scout (KUB) image may be done

cleansing enema for colon may be administered

60
Q

How long (after patient drinks barium) until image #1 of the SBS:

A

First image taken 15 mins after ingestion

61
Q

IR centering for delayed images on SBS:

A

center & iliac crests (KUB)

62
Q

What do you do if there is excessive resistance or the patient experiences pain during enema tip insertion?

A

notify radiologist

63
Q

It is recommended that the balloon is inflated by the

A

radiologist using fluoroscopy

64
Q

patient position for enema tip insertion:

A

sims position (LAO)

65
Q

Height of enema bag above table (anus):

A

no higher than 24” above level of anus

66
Q

Centering of the 14x17 IR for AP/PA/OBL projections on a sthenic patient-BE exam:

A

IR centered @ iliac crests

67
Q

Which projections best demonstrate the sigmoid colon region?

A

AP axial

PA axial

68
Q

Degree & direction of CR angle for the PA axial colon; AP axial:

A

30-40 cephalic (AP)

Caudad (PA)

69
Q

Degree of body rotation for OBL projections of the colon

A

35-45 degree RPO or LPO

70
Q

What 3 projections best show the ascending colon

A

PA Obl (RAO) BEST

AP

PA

71
Q

What projection normally best shows the right (hepatic)colic flexure

A

AP Obl (LPO)

PA Obl (RAO)

72
Q

The PA Obl (LAO) projection usually demonstrates which colic flexure:

A

Left colic flexure

73
Q

IR centering for a Lat rectosigmoid area

A

Centered to ASIS

74
Q

List 2 projections that should demonstrate the right colic flexure

A

AP Obl (LPO)

PA Obl (RAO)

75
Q

Define colostomy

A

piece of colon diverted to an opening in the abd to bypass damaged colon

76
Q

Final images of the SBS may involve visualizing the:

A

ileocecal valve or terminal ileum

77
Q

Define haustra:

A

series of pouches along lg intestine

78
Q

Junction of ascending/transverse & transverse/descending colon regions:

A

R/L colic flexure

79
Q

Know body habitus/colon location

A

Hyper-higher horizontal

asthenic-lower more midline

80
Q

Maximum insertion depth of tip for a BE:

A

no more than 4”

81
Q

Best demonstration of entire colon (minimal superimpostion) is the ____ or ____?

A

AP/PA

82
Q

Supine vs. prone for SBS:

A

Supine-

Prone-supresses & improves image quality

slide 72 pg 140

83
Q

Anatomy best visualized on Lat decub images using air:

A

side up=side of interest

R Lat decub=medial side of ascending colon & lat side of descending colon

L Lat decub=Lat side of ascending colon & medial side of descending colon

84
Q

Posterior colon est seenon which 2 projections:

A

L or R ventral decubitus

85
Q

PA Projection

A

Anterior view

Prone position

86
Q

L Lateral projection

A

L Lateral position

Lateral view

87
Q

AP Projection

A

R lat decub

Posterior view

88
Q

AP Obl projection

A

LPO/RAO position

Posterior Obl view

89
Q

AP Obl projection

A

RPO/LAO position

Posterior Obl view

90
Q

PA axial

A

PA axial

91
Q

What is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid

92
Q

What is the smallest salivary gland?

A

Sublingual

Advanced positioning 2015 (15 decks)

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