GU/ renal

Question 1

Features of a GU/ renal history?

Answer 1

Pain, LUTS, urine abnormalities

Question 2

DDx for colicy loin pain +/- nausea or vomiting? Intermittent loin pain? Constant epigastric pain?

Answer 2

Pyelonephritis, renal calculi
Polycystic kidney
Cystitis

Question 3

Lower urinary symptoms

Answer 3

SHED FUND:
Stream changes, hesitancy, emptying incomplete, dribbling
Frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria
Quantify volume and frequency and how this compares to normal for the patient

Question 4

Incontinence types?

Answer 4

Stress, urge, overflow, continuous, enuresis

Question 5

Urine abnormalities?

Answer 5

Polyuria, oliguria/ anuria(failure of kidneys to produce urine,) pneumaturia, haematuria, proteinuria
If patient has polyuria, always ask about polydipsia
Oliguria= <500ml/ 24 hours
Pneumataria(air bubbles that pass in your urine)= query fistula

Question 6

Features of haematuria hx?

Answer 6

Duration, timing within stream, appearance of blood- fresh, clots? Fever and rigors, precipitating event? Recent trauma or exercise? Pain- urolithiasis/ infection
Painless- carcinoma; papilloma of bladder; prostatic bleeding
Associated UTI symptoms

Question 7

UTI symptoms?

Answer 7

Dysuria, frequency, urgency, fever, acute confusion, strangury- blockage/ irritation to bottom of bladder resulting in severe pain and strong urge to urinate