GU overview

Question 1

what are the organs of the GU system?

Answer 1

adrenal glands
kidney 
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
renal artery and vein

Question 2

what is the function of the kidney?

Answer 2

Maintain blood homeostasis
Excrete waste
Keep nutrients
Maintain electrolytes
Maintain acid base balance

Question 3

what is the function of the ureters?

Answer 3

bring urine to the bladder

Question 4

what is the function of the bladder?

Answer 4

store urine prior to micturition

Question 5

what is the function of the urethra

Answer 5

expel urine from bladder

Question 6

uera is?

Answer 6

nitrogenous waste from deamination

Question 7

uric acid is?

Answer 7

waste from purine metabolism

Question 8

creatinine is released during?

Answer 8

anaerobic muscle activity

Question 9

what are some reasons why glucose may be in urine?

Answer 9

recent intake of sugary food

diabetes m.

Question 10

what are some reasons why protein may be in urine?

Answer 10

physical exertion
high protein
hypertension
glomerulonephritis

Question 11

what are some reasons why ketone bodies may be in urine?

Answer 11

starvation

untreated diabetes m.

Question 12

what are some reasons why hemoglobin may be in urine?

Answer 12

hemolytic anemia

sever burns

Question 13

what are some reasons why bile pigments may be in urine?

Answer 13

hepatitis
cirrhosis
bile obstruction

Question 14

what are some reasons why erythrocytes may be in urine?

Answer 14

bleeding due to trauma
kidney stones
infection
cancer

Question 15

what are some reasons why leucocytes may be in urine?

Answer 15

UTI

Question 16

what is EPO

Answer 16

erythropoietin
produced my kidney
controls RBC production

Question 17

kidney disease can lead to?

Answer 17

anemia

Question 18

patients with chronic anemia from kidney disease take?

Answer 18

Recombinant EPO

Question 19

Increased Cr levels in plasma indicated?

Answer 19

potential impaired renal function

Question 20

normal female Cr levels?

Answer 20

.5 to 1.0 mg/dl

Question 21

normal male Cr levels?

Answer 21

.7 to 1.2 mg/dl

Question 22

Blood urea nitrogen is the end product of?

Answer 22

protein and amino acid metabolism

Question 23

what can an increased BUN indicate?

Answer 23

Decreased renal function
Reduced fluid intake
Increased muscle catabolism
Increased protein intake
Acute renal infection

Question 24

Must correlate the BUN with _____ to implicate renal dysfunction?

Answer 24

Cr

Question 25

what is nomad BUN?

Answer 25

5-30 mg/dL

Question 26

Na fluctuations can cause cells to?

Answer 26

shrink or swell

Question 27

what is most susceptible to Na fluctuations?

Answer 27

brain

Question 28

Altered levels of Na can affect the brain causing?

Answer 28

Mental status changes, confusion, weakness, IC hemorrhage or coma