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med surg 3 test 3 > Esophageal and Stomach Disorders > Flashcards

Esophageal and Stomach Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

proximal dysphagia can occur from?

A

stroke

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2
Q

what is aspiration pneumonia?

A

Aspiration pneumonia is bronchopneumonia that develops due to the entrance of foreign materials into the bronchial tree, usually oral or gastric contents (including food, saliva, or nasal secretions).

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3
Q

distal dysphagia occurs from ?

A

obstructions from inflammation, tumor, or achalasia

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4
Q

what is achalasia?

A

a condition in which the muscles of the lower part of the esophagus fail to relax, preventing food from passing into the stomach.

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5
Q

distal dysphagia mimics?

A

angina

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6
Q

what does GERD stand for?

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

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7
Q

what is GERD?

A

chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus.

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8
Q

S/S of GERD?

A

Heartburn

Reflux

Dysphagia

Painful swallowing

Chest pain (especially when lying down)

Coughing, asthma, wheezing, sore throat, hoarseness

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9
Q

how is GERD diagnosed?

A

History

Endoscopy

Barium Radiography

H. pylori

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10
Q

how is GERD treated?

A

Small frequent meals

Meds
Acid-suppressing inhibitors

Surgery

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11
Q

what are PT implications for GERD?

A

Lifestyle modifications
Right side lying allows gastric juices to flow more easily due to gravity

Supine: avoid position immediately after eating

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12
Q

what are S/S of Barrett’s Esophagus?

A 
Dysphagia
Esophagitis
Ulceration
Bleeding
Adenocarcinoma
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13
Q

what is Barrett’s Esophagus?

A

refers to an abnormal change (metaplasia) in the cells of the lower portion of the esophagus. When the normal stratified squamous epithelium lining of the esophagus is replaced by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (cells usually found lower in the gastrointestinal tract), Barrett’s esophagus is diagnosed

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14
Q

what is the treatment for Barrett’s Esophagus?

A

Control GERD
Endoscopic ablation therapy
porton pump inhibition to control acid secretions

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15
Q

what is Esophageal varices?

A

extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus.

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16
Q

how is Esophageal varicose treated?

A

Variceal hemorrhage stops on its own

Prophylactic treatment

Stent to reduce pressure (between hepatic vein and portal vein)

Liver transplant

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17
Q

PT implication for Esophageal Varices?

A

Avoid activities increasing intra-abdominal pressure

18
Q

what is hiatus?

A

opening in the diaphragm

19
Q

in hiatal hernias, the _____ ____ becomes enlarged?

A

cardiac sphincter

20
Q

in hiatal hernia, the _____ pushes though the hiatus and into the ______

A

stomach

esophagus

21
Q

how do hiatal hernia’s usually form?

A

weakening of the diaphragm

enlargement of the hiatus

22
Q

true or false

histal hernia can only be acquired?

A

false
May be congenital or acquired
Born with weakness of the diaphragm, trauma aging, surgery, anything increasing intraabdominal pressure

23
Q

risk factors for Hiatal Hernia include?

A

over 50
obese
smokes

24
Q

S/S and Hiatal Hernias include?

A

Heart burn

Chest pain

Reflux, belching

Nausea

25
Q

how is Hiatal hernias diagnosed?

A

Ultrasonography
Barium swallow
Endoscopy

26
Q

treatment for Hiatal hernias include?

A

antiacids

elevate the head of the bed

27
Q

what are the PT implications of Hiatal hernias?

A

avoid supine

Avoid exercises that increase intra-abdominal pressure

28
Q

what are peptic ulcers?

A

Break in the protective mucosal lining

exposes the submucosal areas to gastric secretions

29
Q

chronic peptic ulcers damages the ______ _____ and replaces it with _____ ______. It can also damage _____ _____.

A

muscular layer
scar tissue
blood vessels (hemorrhage)

30
Q

what are 3 types of ulcers?

A

Gastric
Duodenal
Esophageal

31
Q

90% of peptic ulcers are due to

A

Helicobacter Pylori Infections

32
Q

risk factors of peptic ulcers include

A 
Helicobacter Pylori Infection (90% of ulcers)
Long term NSAID use
Tobacco and alcohol
Physiologic changes
Genetics
Gastrinoma
Systemic mastocytosis
Malignant tumors
33
Q

S/S of peptic ulcer include?

A 
Epigastric pain
Midline pain in thoracic spine
Melena
Nausea
Hematemesis
Loss of appetite --> weight loss
Bleeding
Occur 3-4 days to weeks, subside and reappear months later
34
Q

complications of peptic ulcers include?

A

Hemorrhage
Perforation
Obstruction
Unremitting pain

35
Q

how are peptic ulcers diagnosed?

A 
S/S and History
Upper GI X-Ray
Blood test
Breath test
Stool antigen test
Gastroscopy
36
Q

how is peptic ulcers prevented/treated?

A

Avoid prolonged NSAIDS

Antimicrobials

Acid blockers

Cabbage

Coffee

Exercise

Surgery

37
Q

gastric ulcers heal within _______ _____

A

3 months

38
Q

duodenal and gastric ulcers have _____ course with _____ and _____

A

chronic
remissions
exacerbations

39
Q

peptic ulcers: massive ________ or ______ may cause mortality

A

hemorrhage or perforation

40
Q

curing __________ usually results in curing the peptic ulcer disease

A

H. Pylori

med surg 3 test 3 (9 decks)

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