GU

Question 1

filling of the bladder:

detrusor m:

internal sphincter:

external sphincter:

Answer 1

detrusor m: relaxed → SNS

internal sphincter: contracted → SNS

external sphincter: contracted → voluntary

Question 2

emptying of bladder:

detrusor:

internal sphincter:

external sphincter:

Answer 2

detrusor: contracted → PSNS

internal sphincter: relaxed → PSNS

external sphincter: relaxed → voluntary

Question 3

SNS innervation of bladder/urethra

Answer 3

spinal cord → L1-L3

Question 4

PSNS innervation of bladder/urethra

Answer 4

S2-S4 → pudendal n

Question 5

external sphincter is under __ control (2)

Answer 5

somatic

voluntary

Question 6

trigone m is the __ portion

of the __

Answer 6

triangular

bladder floor

Question 7

ventral trigone is formed by the

Answer 7

internal urethral sphincter

Question 8

dorsolateral trigone

Answer 8

right and left ureter

Question 9

male catheterization anatomy

Answer 9

curve upward at 30 degree angle at the prostate

Question 10

female catheterization anatomy

Answer 10

shorter

no curve

Question 11

short urethra predisposes to

Answer 11

cystitis

Question 12

4 parts of male urethra

Answer 12

preprostatic

prostatic

membranous

spongy

Question 13

course of round ligament

Answer 13

superior lateral uterus → thru inguinal canal → labia majora

Question 14

when the round ligament is stretched in pregnancy, pain can be felt in the __ (2)

Answer 14

groin

labia majora

Question 15

supporting structures of the uterus

Answer 15

pelvic diaphragm

urogenital diaphragm/perineal membrane

perineal body

true ligamentous structures

Question 16

pelvic diaphragm includes (3)

Answer 16

levator ani m

coccygeus m

associated fascia

Question 17

the perineal body separates the __

and the __

Answer 17

vagina

anus

Question 18

clinical significance of perineal body

Answer 18

often tear during vaginal delivery → widens gap btw free borders of levator ani on both sides → incontinence

Question 19

what procedure is sometimes done to prevent 4th/5th degree perineal body tears

Answer 19

episiotomy

Question 20

true ligamentous structures of uterus (3)

Answer 20

transverse (cardinal)

anterior pubocervical

uterosacral

Question 21

what ligament runs from either side of cervix to the pelvic wall

Answer 21

transverse (cardinal)

Question 22

what ligament runs from the uterus to the pubic symphysis

Answer 22

anterior pubocervical

Question 23

what ligament runs from the posterior cervix to the sacrum

Answer 23

uterosacral

Question 24

ligamentous structures of the uterus that are NOT true support structures

Answer 24

broad

round

suspensory

peritoneal folds

Question 25

arterial supply to the ovaries

Answer 25

ovarian a uterine a vaginal a

Question 26

the ovarian a originates from the \_\_ and is contained w.in the \_\_

Answer 26

abd aorta broad ligament

Question 27

the uterine and vaginal arteries arise from the

Answer 27

internal iliac a

Question 28

clinical significance of ovarian a

Answer 28

arises from abd aorta → high pressure → can cause hemorrhage in ectopic pregnancy

Question 29

venous supply to uterus

Answer 29

myometrial veins → uterine or ovarian veins in broad ligament

Question 30

arterial supply to testes

Answer 30

testicular a cremasteric a

Question 31

course of testicular arteries

Answer 31

abd aort → inguinal canal → scrotum

Question 32

cremasteric a arises from the \_\_ to the \_\_

Answer 32

external iliac inferior epigastric a

Question 33

venous supply to the testes

Answer 33

testicular vein

Question 34

testicular v drains to __ on the right and __ on the left

Answer 34

right: IVC left: renal vein

Question 35

what structure does the bladder communicate w. embryologically

Answer 35

urachus

Question 36

the urachus is a hollow canal connecting the fetal \_\_ to the \_\_

Answer 36

bladder umbilical cord

Question 37

during fetal development, the urachus becomes the \_\_

Answer 37

median umbilical ligament/fold

Question 38

the medial umbilical ligament is a remnant of the

Answer 38

umbilical a

Question 39

the umbilical a is connected to the __ during fetal development

Answer 39

internal iliac

Question 40

during development: urachus → umbilical a →

Answer 40

urachus → median umbilical ligament/fold umbilical a → medial umbilical ligament

Question 41

alcock's canal is same-same

Answer 41

pudendal canal

Question 42

contents of pudendal canal

Answer 42

pudendal v, a, n

Question 43

clinical significance of pudendal canal

Answer 43

injection of local anesthetic into canal **medial to ischial tuberosity**

Question 44

pudendal block more proximal adjacent to ischial spine will involve

Answer 44

inferior anal n AND perineal n

Question 45

more distal pudendal n block at the level of the ischial tuberosity will involve

Answer 45

perineal nerves

Question 46

total hysterectomy is removal of

Answer 46

uterus body fundus cervix SPARES ovaries

Question 47

what structure must be preserved in a total hysterectomy

Answer 47

suspensory ligament of ovary → for vessel and nerve supply