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A&P II - Final! > GI (plus more MSK...oops) > Flashcards

GI (plus more MSK...oops) Flashcards

1
Q

types of pain fibers associated w. abd organs (3)

A

visceral

somatoparietal

referred

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2
Q

colicky pain that is intense and then lets up

cramping, burning, gnawing

A

visceral pain

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3
Q

what causes visceral pain

A

distension of hollow organ

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4
Q

why is visceral pain dull and poorly localized to midline

A

both sides of spinal cord stimulated by afferent impulses

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5
Q

does visceral pain correspond to dermatomes

A

roughly

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6
Q

is visceral pain referred

A

+/-

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7
Q

can visceral pain be elicited on PE

A

nope!

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8
Q

intense pain that is precisely located

A

somatoparietal

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9
Q

cause of somatoparietal pain

A

noxious stimuli of parietal peritoneum

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10
Q

example of somatoparietal pain

A

McBurney’s point in appendicitis

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11
Q

somatoparietal pain is aggravated by

A

moving/coughing

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12
Q

impulses in somatosensory spinal nerves obviously travel w. __ spinal nerves,

but NOT with __

A

somatosensory

ANS fibers

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13
Q

does somatoparietal pain correspond to dermatomes

A

yep!

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14
Q

why does somatoparietal pain localize

A

only one side of parietal peritoneum is innervated by somatosensory fibers at any given location

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15
Q

can somatoparietal pain be elicited on PE

A

yep!

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16
Q

remote pain from a diseased organ

A

referred

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17
Q

in referred pain, __

and __ from different anatomic regions

converge on __

in the __ at the same level

A

visceral afferents

somatic afferents

second order neurons

spinal cord

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18
Q

is referred pain well localized

A

yep!

sure is!

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19
Q

ex of referred pain

A

subphrenic abscess → pain interpreted in brain as coming from shoulder

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20
Q

where is cholecystitis pain felt

A

initial: subphrenic
later: RUQ

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21
Q

where is diverticulitis pain felt

A

initial: lower abd
later: LLQ

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22
Q

heart pain is referred to

A

T1-T5

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23
Q

t/f: the distal great saphenous vein is deep

A

F!

it is superficial

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24
Q

t/f: DVT can occur in great sahenous vein

A

T!

proximal great saphenous is considered deep bc it feeds into the femoral

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25
Q

deep veins of the thigh/pelvis

A

tibialis → a/p

popliteal

femoral

deep femoral

common femoral

pelvic

proximal greater saph

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26
Q

where can arteries to the foot be palpated (2)

A

dorsalis pedis

posterior tibial

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27
Q

dorsalis pedis pulse is between the __

and __ muscles

A

extensor hallicus longus

extensor digitorum longus

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28
Q

where is the posterior tibialis pulse located

A

postero-inferior to medial malleolus

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29
Q

what ankle injury is caused by plantarflexion and inversion

A

atfl

cfl

ptfl

30
Q

what ankle injury is caused by eversion

A

deltoid

pttl

attl

tcl

tibionavicular

31
Q

what ankle injury is caused by external rotation and dorsiflexion

A

syndemosis/high →

anterior-inferior tibiofibular

posterior-inferior tibiofibular

transverse tibiofibular

interosseous membrane/ligament

inferior transverse ligament

32
Q

what do you think when you see widening of the tibiofibular space suggesting an injury to the tibiofibular syndemosis

A

proximal fibular fx →

maisonneuve fx complex

33
Q

85% of all ankle sprains are

A

lateral ligament

34
Q

mc injured lateral ligament

A

atfl

35
Q

CN nerves involved in swallowing

A

V

VII

IX

X

XI

XII

36
Q

chewing and sensation CN

A

V

37
Q

taste on anterior ⅔ of tongue is mediated by CN __

via the __ m

A

VII

chorda tympani m

38
Q

taste AND sensation on posterior ⅓ of tongue

sensation in oropharynx and upper pharynx

A

IX

39
Q

sensation from throat/esophagus/abd viscera

taste from epiglottis

motor of soft palate/throat/abd viscera

airway protection

A

CN X

40
Q

swallowing fxn

A

CN XI

41
Q

motor nerves to tongue

A

XII

42
Q

9 causes of dysphagia

A

age → weakening of sphincters

esophageal diverticuli

shatzki’s ring

hiatus hernia

GER/GERD

achalasia

barrett’s

esophageal carcinoma

esophageal varices

43
Q

3 types of diverticlum that cause dysphagia

A

zenker’s

traction

epiphrenic

44
Q

bird’s beak on barium swallow

A

achalasia

45
Q

upper esophageal carcinoma is caused by

A

etoh

cigs

46
Q

lower esophageal ca is caused by

A

GERD/Barrett’s

47
Q

arteries to:

foregut

midgut

hindgut

A

foregut: celiac
midgut: superior mesenteric
hindgut: inferior mesenteric

48
Q

foregut extends from __

to __

A

esophagus

proximal duodenum

49
Q

midgut extends from __

to __

A

distal duodenum

proximal ⅔ of transverse colon

50
Q

hindgut extends from __

to __

A

distal ⅓ of transverse colon

superior part of rectum

51
Q

3 dependent areas of peritoneal cavity

A

hepatorenal space (morrison’s)

rectouterine (douglas)

rectovesical

52
Q

6 types of hernias of lower anterior abd wall

A

inguinal

umbilical

femoral

para-umbilical

incisional

spigellian

53
Q

2 types of inguinal hernia

A

direct

indirect

54
Q

hernia that goes thru the superficial inguinal ring

A

indirect

55
Q

hernia that goes thru the wall of the inguinal canal

A

direct inguinal

56
Q

bulge under the inguinal ligament

A

femoral hernia

57
Q

the vitelline duct is a remnant of the __

that is in the area of the __

and attached to the __

A

yolk sac

umbilicus

small bowel

58
Q

the vitelline duct is a connection btw the __

and the __

A

yolk sac

midgut

59
Q

what can happen if the vitelline duct persists

A

meckel’s diverticulum

60
Q

complications of meckel’s diverticulum

A

inflammation

hemorrhage

intusussception

obstruction

ulceration

61
Q

pathway of pain in appendicitis

A

visceral afferent PLUS sympathetic → enter spinal cord together at T10 level → pain referred to T10 dermatome (umbilical region)

62
Q

diaphragmatic pain is referred to

A

C3-5

phrenic n → 3,4,5 keeps you alive

63
Q

stomach pain is referred to

A

T5-T7

64
Q

appendix pain is referred to

A

T10

65
Q

appendicitis pain begins as __ pain,

and after 6-10 hr localized to __, which is same-same

__,

and becomes __

A

periumbilical colicky (visceral)

RLQ

McBurney’s point

somatoparietal

66
Q

ureter pain is referred to

A

T12 - L2

67
Q

location of ischiorectal fossa

A

lateral to anal canal

inferior to pelvic diaphragm

68
Q

roof of ischiorectal fossa

A

levator ani

69
Q

floor of ischiorectal fossa

A

perineal fascia

70
Q

medial border of ischiorectal fossa

A

external and internal anal sphincters/anal canal

71
Q

clinical significance of ischiorectal fossa

A

abscesses can form here from anal/genital area

difficult to treat dt poor blood supply

A&P II - Final! (4 decks)

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