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A&P II - Final! > Cranial Nerves and Corticospinal Tract > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves and Corticospinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

afferent and efferent limbs of pupillary light reflex

A

afferent: CN II
efferent: CN III

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2
Q

afferent and efferent limbs of eye accommodation

A

afferent: CN II
efferent: CN III

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3
Q

eye accommodation:

afferent limb:

efferent limb:

A

afferent: CN II → optic
efferent: CN III → oculomotor

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4
Q

what n controls movement of superior oblique m

A

CN IV

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5
Q

what extrinsic eye muscles does CN III innervate (5)

A

superior rectus

medial rectus

inferior rectus

inferior oblique

levator palpebrae

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6
Q

motor fxn of CN IV (trochlear)

A

intort, abduction → reading book and walking downstairs

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7
Q

CN IV (trochlear) is vulnerable to __ injury

A

shear

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8
Q

motor fxn of CN V

A

biting/chewing/mastication

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9
Q

V1 is same-same

A

ophthalmic

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10
Q

V2 is same-same

A

maxillary

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11
Q

V3 is same-same

A

mandibular

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12
Q

PSNS motor fxn of V2 (maxillary)

A

lacrimal gland/nose secretions

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13
Q

sensory fxn of CN V

A

sensation to face, mouth, nose, eyes

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14
Q

afferent and efferent limbs of the corneal (blink) reflex

A

afferent: Vi (ophthalmic)
efferent: CN VII → orbicularis oculi

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15
Q

pathway of corneal (blink reflex)

A

V1 sense stimulus on cornea (afferent) → brainstem → CN VII (efferent) initiates motor response on both sides via orbicularis oculi

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16
Q

motor fxn of V3

A

mastication

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17
Q

afferent and efferent limbs of jaw jerk reflex

A

V3

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18
Q

PSNS fxn of V3

A

submandibular/sublingual gland secretions

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19
Q

sensation (not taste) to anterior ⅔ of tongue

A

V3

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20
Q

motor fxn of CN VI

A

abduction of eye → outward gaze

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21
Q

what m does CN VI innervate

A

lateral rectus

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22
Q

special sensory fxn of CN VII

A

taste to anterior ⅔ of tongue

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23
Q

motor fxn of CN VII

A

muscles of facial expression

dampening of sound in ear

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24
Q

PSNS fxn of CN VII

A

lacrimal gland

submandibular gland

efferent blink reflex

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25
Q

what m is associated w. taste to anterior ⅔ of tongue

A

chorda tympani

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26
Q

special sensory fxn of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

A

balance

hearing

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27
Q

motor fxn of CN IX

A

gagging

swallowing

uvula

salivation

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28
Q

special sensory fxn of CN IX

A

taste sensation to posterior ⅓ of tongue

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29
Q

taste to anterior ⅔ of tongue:

taste to posterior ⅓ of tongue:

A

anterior ⅔: CN VII

posterior ⅓: CN IX

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30
Q

special sensory fxn of CN X

A

taste to epiglottis

31
Q

somatic motor fxn of CN X

A

efferent of soft palate

swallowing

gag reflex

tongue retraction/elevation

“Ahhh”

32
Q

PSNS motor fxn of CN X

A

smooth m and glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic, abd viscera

33
Q

sensory fxn of CN X

A

sensation fo abd viscera

34
Q

afferent and efferent limbs of cough reflex

A

CN X

35
Q

motor fxn of CN XI (spinal accessory)

A

sternocleidomastoid

trapezius

36
Q

motor fxn of CN XII

A

intrinsic and extrinsic m of tongue

37
Q

corneal blink reflex pathway

A

touch on the cornea → CN V1 (ophthalmic) → spinal nucleus of CN V → CN VII nucleus → CN VII → orbicularis oculi → blink

38
Q

reflex arc for gag reflex (same-same pharyngeal reflex)

A

touch to posterior pharyngeal wall → sensed by CN IX (afferent) → brainstem → CN X → elevation of soft palate

39
Q

loss of gag reflex could mean damage to either

A

CN IX

CN X

40
Q

how do you determine which n is damaged in the absence of gag reflex

A

have the pt say “Ahh”

41
Q

if the pt says “Ahh” and there is no soft palate elevation, which n is damaged

A

CN X

42
Q

sensory from carotid body chemoreceptors and baroreceptors

A

CN IX

43
Q

sensory from aortic chemo and baroreceptors

A

CN X

44
Q

baroreceptor reflex

A

hypotn → decreased bp → decreased stretch → sensed by CN IX and CN X → decreased afferent baroreceptor firing → increased SNS firing and decreased PSNS firing → vasoconstriction → increased HR and contractility → increased BP

45
Q

carotid massage effect

A

carotid massage → increased pressure → increased stretch sensed by CN IX baroreceptors → increased afferent firing → increased AV node refractory period → decreased HR

46
Q

which CN carry parasympathetic fibers

A

III

VII

IX

X

47
Q

constrictor of pupil and ciliary body

A

CN III

48
Q

secretion of lacrimal, submandibular gland, and nasal glands

A

CN VII

49
Q

secretions of parotid gland

A

CN IX

50
Q

PSNS innervation to thoracic and abd viscera

A

CN X

50
Q

PSNS innervation to thoracic and abd viscera

A

CN X

51
Q

PSNS CN nerves __ (3)

go to PSNS ganglia and then join branches of CN __ to their end organs

A

III, VII, IX

V

52
Q

corticospinal pathways go through the

A

internal capsule

53
Q

what are the 3 sensory pathways of the spinal cord

A

dorsal column medial meniscus

spinocerebellar tracts

spinothalamic tracts

blue in the picture

54
Q

what are the 2 motor pathways of the spinal cord

A

pyramidal

extrapyramidal

red in the picture

55
Q

the dorsal medial lemniscus tract controls (3)

A

tactile discrimination

conscious proprioception

kinesthetic sensation

56
Q

tactile discrimination includes (4)

A

discriminative touch

vibration

fine pressure

two point discrimination

57
Q

kinesthetic sensation includes (2)

A

position

movement

58
Q

the spinocerebellar tract controls

A

unconscious proprioception

59
Q

the spinothalamic tract controls

A

pain

temp and itch → LSTT

light touch → VSTT

60
Q

the pyramidal tract controls

A

voluntary motor activity

61
Q

the extrapyramidal tract controls

A

involuntary movement

involuntary breathing/shivering

maintains posture and balance

62
Q

Parkinson’s is a dz of the

A

extrapyramidal tracts

63
Q

90% of the pyramidal tract decussates in the

A

medulla oblongota

64
Q

10% of the pyramidal tract decussates in the

A

anterior corticospinal tract

65
Q

the dorsal columns medial lemniscus decussates in the

A

medulla

66
Q

the lateral spinothalamic tract decussates

A

at or near the level that the sensory nerve enters the spinal cord

67
Q

the ventral spinothalamic tract decussates

A

at the level of the nerve entrance to the spinal cord

OR

up to 10 levels above

68
Q

all nerves of the ventral (anterior) spinothalamic tract have crossed the midline by __

A

the time they have reached the thalamus

69
Q

summary of spinal cord decussations

A
70
Q

In Brown Sequard Syndrome, __,

__,

and __ are lost on the same side below the lesion (ipsilateral)

A

proprioception

vibration

fine touch

71
Q

in Brown Sequard Syndrome, __

and __ are lost on the opposite side of the lesion (contralateral)

A

pain

temperature

72
Q

in Brown Sequard Syndrome, corticospinal tract lesions cause __ motor paralysis at the level of the lesion

and __ motor paralysis below the lesion

A

level of the lesion: ipsilateral flacid

below the lesion: ipsilateral spastic

73
Q

flaccid paralysis is associated w. __ motor neuron lesion,

spastic paralysis is associated w. __ motor neuron lesion

A

flaccid: lower
spastic: upper

A&P II - Final! (4 decks)

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