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GRAND TEST > GT 3 MARROW > Flashcards

GT 3 MARROW Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of CENTRAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

A

⭐ GnRH agonists
⭐ DMPA (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate) 100-200mg, IM every 2-4 weeks
⭐ Cyproterone acetate
⭐ Sterotactic radiation therapy (GAMMA KNIFE Therapy)
⭐

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2
Q

1st LINE AGENT for MANAGEMENT of GLIOBLASTOMA Multiforme

A

Temozolomide

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3
Q

Oral Bioavailability of TEMOZOLOMIDE is nearly

A

100%

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4
Q
A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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5
Q

Anconeus
Origin
Insertion
🧠⚡ LE - LO⚡
Nerve Supply

A
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6
Q

Extensor Muscle of Forearm
🧠⚡ Superficial layer:
“Big Chocolate Chips, Double Dip Cherries”
*** For words that start with the same letter, the longer
word the longer muscle! ⚡

🧠⚡ DEEP LAYER
“Syrup And Peanuts Preferably Included” ⚡

A

⭐ Brachioradialis
⭐ extensor Carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
⭐ extensor Carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
⭐ extensor Digitorum (ED)
⭐ extensor Digiti minimi (EDM)
⭐ extensor Carpi ulnaris (ECU)
⭐ Anconeus

DEEP LAYERS
⭐ Supinator
⭐ Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
⭐ extensor Pollicis brevis (EPB)
⭐ extensor Pollicis longus (EPL)
⭐ extensor Indicis

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7
Q

Worm causing RECTAL PROLAPSE in Children

A

Trichuris Trichura

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8
Q

Why rectal prolapse occurs in Trichuris trichura?

A

Because the rectum loses its internal support as the worms bury their thin heads into the INTESTINAL Lining, loosening the elastic epithelium, and weakening the surrounding muscle

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9
Q
A

COCONUT CAKE RECTUM

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10
Q

Cause of COCONUT CAKE RECTUM

A

⭐ Heavy infection of Trichuris Trichura

⭐ Sigmoidoscopy may show WHITE BODIES of WORMS Hanging from the inflamed mucosa

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11
Q

Complication of TRICHURIS TRICHURA

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Allergic Reaction
  3. Rectal Prolapse
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12
Q

Eggs of Trichuris Trichura

A
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13
Q

DOC of TRICHURIS TRICHURA

A

Albendazole 400mg ORAL x 3 days

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14
Q

Direct Coomb’s Test
(OR)
Direct ANTIGLOBULIN Test

A

If AGGLUTINATION ➕ ➡️ Indicates presence of IMMUNOGLOBULIN or COMPLEMENT is ➕ on the surface of patient’s RBC

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15
Q

Foreign RED CELLS with known ANTIGENICITY are used in

A

INDIRECT Coomb’s test

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16
Q

ONLY MUSCLE IN The EXTENSOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM THAT FLEXES THE FOREARM

A

Brachioradialis⭐

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17
Q

Annulus tympanicus is a part of

A

PARS TENSA

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18
Q

Identify

A

Hexagonal Urine Crystals
⬇️
Seen in CYSTINURIA

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19
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS IN URINE

A

Cystinuria
⬇️
⭐ D-Penicillamine (Reacts with Cysteine to form soluble salt)
⭐ HYDRATION and ALKALINIZATION

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20
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of STRUVITE STONES

A

Acetohydroxamic Acid
⬇️
Urease ⛔ ➡️ urease generates ammonia from urea, ⬆️ pH ➡️ Formation of TRIPLE PHOSPHATE stone

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21
Q

DRUG USED TO STOP GROWTH OF EXISTING OXALATE CALCULI

A

Neutral Orthophosphates

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22
Q

DRUG USED FOR URIC ACID RENAL CALCULI

A

Allopurinol (Xanthine Oxidase ⛔)

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23
Q

Vasopressin (OR) ADH
Function
🧠⚡ADH ⚡

A

ADH:
⭐ Aquaporin 2 is inserted into cells of the
⭐ Distal tubule which leads to water reabsorption and
⭐ Highly concentrated urine (High osmolality)

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24
Q

⬆️ ⬆️ Vasopressin (OR) ADH Secretion
🧠⚡Any form of Stree ⚡

A

⭐ Standing
⭐ Nausea and Vomiting
⭐ Pain, emotion, stress
⭐ Exercise
⭐ ⬇️ ECF Volume
⭐ ⬆️⬆️ Oncotic pressure of Plasma
⭐ Angiotensin 2
⭐ Clofibrate
⭐ Carbamezipine

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25
Q

VASOPRESSIN SECRETION ⬇️

A

⭐ ⬆️ ECF Volume
⭐ ⬇️⬇️ Oncotic pressure of Plasma
⭐ Alcohol

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26
Q

Diabetes Insipidus
🧠⚡DIe ADH ⚡
🧠⚡ ⚡

A
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27
Q

⭐ Central DI

⭐ Nephrogenic DI

A

⭐ Vasopressin deficiency

⭐ due to Failure of Kidneys to respond to ADH

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28
Q

SIADH

A
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29
Q

NSAIDS and SIADH
🧠⚡NSAIDS aid ADH ⚡

A

NSAIDS can cause inappropriate antidiuresis.

30
Q

Gestational DI

A

A primary deficiency of plasma ADH can result from increased metabolism by an N-terminal aminopeptidase produced by the placenta. It is referred to as gestational DI because the signs and symptoms manifest during pregnancy and usually remit after delivery.

31
Q

Causes of CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS

A

⭐ Neoplasms:
o Pituitary adenomas (most common)
o Meningioma
o Metastasis from lung and breast cancers

⭐ Infiltrative:
o Sarcoidosis
o Langerhans cell histiocytosis

⭐ Genetic:
o Wolfram syndrome
o Hand-Schuller-Christian disease

⭐ Infections:
o Chronic meningitis
o Viral encephalitis
o Toxoplasmosis

⭐ Inflammatory:
o Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
o Lupus erythematosus
o Scleroderma

⭐ Vascular:
o Sheehan’s syndrome
o Aneurysm (internal carotid)

⭐ Head injury (closed and penetrating) including pituitary surgery
⭐ Snakebite
⭐ Lymphocytic hypophysitis

32
Q

Identify THYROID BIOPSY?

A

Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis

⭐ GRANULOMAS
⭐ Giant Cells

33
Q

Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis
Synonyms

A

⭐ de Quervain Thyroiditis
⭐ Migratory Thyroiditis
⭐ PAINFUL SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS

34
Q

Migratory Thyroiditis
Cause?
Mechanism?

A

⭐ de Quervain’s Thyroiditis
⭐ Pain can shift to different location in the thyroid

35
Q

Cobblestone Appearance in Thyroid

A

⭐ de Quervain’s Thyroiditis
⭐ Hashimoto’s disease

36
Q

PAINFUL ENLARGED THYROID
➕
H/O Viral ILLNESS
➕
FEVER
➕
Small GOITRE that is very TENDER

A

De Quervain’s Thyroiditis

37
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of de Quervain’s Thyroiditis

A

⭐ Beta blockers (in THYROTOXIC Phase)
⭐ Levothyroxine (in HYPOTHYTOID Phase)
⭐ NSAIDs (IBUPROFEN)
⭐ Prednisolone

38
Q

⭐ Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

⭐ Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis

A

⭐ Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
🌊 POST-PARTUM THYROIDITIS

⭐ Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis
🌊 de Quervain’s Thyroiditis

39
Q

PAINLESS THYROIDITIS
🧠⚡ HSPR⚡

A

⭐ Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
⭐ Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
⭐ Painless Sporadic Thyroiditis
⭐ Riedel’s Thyroiditis

40
Q

DOC: INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS
🧠⚡inVasive ⚡

DOC: CHRONIC ASPERGILLOSIS (OR) RESISTANT ASPERGILLOSIS

A

DOC: INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS
⭐ VORICONAZOLE

DOC: CHRONIC ASPERGILLOSIS (OR) RESISTANT TO VORICONAZOLE
⭐ ITRACONAZOLE

41
Q

HALO SIGN on CT SCAN CHEST

A

INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS

42
Q

Introduction of VACCINE for a NON-LETHAL DIsease
-Parameters ⬇️ ⬇️
-Parameters UNCHANGED

A

-Parameters ⬇️ ⬇️
INCIDENCE

-Parameters UNCHANGED
MORTALITY RATE
SURVIVAL RATE
CASE FATALITY RATE

43
Q

Homer Wright Rosseettes
+
Well circumscribed mass over cerebellum
+
Headache
+
Vomiting
+
Blurring of Vision

A

Medulloblastoma

44
Q

Which grade does MEDULLOBLASTOMA belong?

A

WHO Grade 4

45
Q

Varients of MEDULLOBLASTOMA

A

⭐️ Classical Subtype

⭐️ Desmoplastic/ Nodular varient

⭐️ Large cell / Anaplastic varient

46
Q

Difference between CELLULITIS and ERYSIPELAS BASED ON PINNA

A

⭐️ Cellulitis: Due to absence of deeper dermal or subcutaneous tissue —> PINNA is NOT INVOLVED

⭐️ ERYSIPELAS: INVOLVES THE PINNA

47
Q

Galactorrhea: Treatment

A

D2 AGONISTS
Cabergoline

48
Q
A

Neurofibrillary Tangles
Hyperphosphorylated TAU proteins
- Seen in ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

49
Q

Identify

A

NEURITIC PLAQUES

-Focal, spherical collections of dilated, tortuous, axonal or dendritic processes (dystrophic neurites) often around a CENTRAL AMYLOID Core

-Surrounded by a CLEAR HALO

50
Q

ZOONOSIS

⭐️ BASED ON RESERVOIR

⭐️ BASED ON LIFE CYCLE

A
51
Q

ECG Changes in different HEART BLOCKS

A
52
Q

SYNCOPE + BRADYCARDIA

A

Stokes-Adams attack
SYNOCOPAL Attack resulting from Bradycardia or Asystole

53
Q

ECG finding of Atrioventricular block with RBBB

A

Mobitz type II Block

54
Q

Inhalation agent of Choice for INDUCTION

A

SEVOFLURANE

55
Q

Inhalation agent of Choice for Obese patients

🌟 Deependra OBESE🌟

A

DESFLURANE

56
Q

Inhalation agent of Choice for ASTHMATICS

A

SEVOFLURANE

57
Q

Inhalation agent of Choice for NEUROSURGERY

A

SEVOFLURANE > ISOFLURANE

58
Q

Inhalation agent of Choice for LIVER DISEASE

A

SEVOFLURANE

59
Q

Inhalation agent of Choice for RENAL DISEASE

A

DESFLURANE

60
Q

Inhalation agent of Choice for CARDIAC DISEASE

🧠✨C-ISO✨

A

ISOFLURANE

61
Q

Inhalation agent of Choice for ELDERLY

A

DESFLURANE

62
Q

Inhalation agent of Choice for DAYCARE SURGERY

A

SEVOFLURANE > DESFLURANE

63
Q

MOST POTENT ANAESTHETIC AGENT

A

METHOXYFLURANE > HALOTHANE

64
Q

LEAST POTENT ANAESTHETIC AGENT

A

NITROUS OXIDE > DESFLURANE

65
Q

MOST EPILEPTOGENIC ANAESTHETIC AGENT

🌟E for E🌟

A

ENFLURANE

66
Q

MOST NEPHROTOXIC ANAESTHETIC AGENT

✨K-MET✨

A

METHOXYFLURANE

67
Q

MOST HEPATOTOXIC ANAESTHETIC AGENT

🧠Hepatic =H🧠

A

HALOTHANE

68
Q

LAYERS OF SKIN

WHICH LAYER IS STRATUM GERMINATUM?

A
69
Q

WHICH TESTIS PERFOMED TO ASSESS RENAL INVOLVEMENT IN DIABETES PATIENT?

A

URINE FOR MICROALBUMIN

USEFUL TO DETECT DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AT ITS INCIPIENT DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE

70
Q

MICRO-ALBUMINURIA
Criteria?

A

Excretion of albumin in the range of 30-300mg/dl

71
Q

Which test is used to detect microalbuminuria?

A

RADIO-IMMUNOASSAY

72
Q

CLINICAL Sequence in DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

A
  1. INCREASED GFR
  2. INCIPIENT DIABRTIC NEPHROPATHY: Microalbuminuria
  3. OVERT DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY: Macroalbuminuria
  4. END STAGE RENAL DISEASE

GRAND TEST (5 decks)

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