growth, reproduction and genetics Flashcards
what happens in result of cell division?
tissue and organs grow
what is asexual?
when a species can reproduce with only one parent.
what is cloning?
production of new individuals that are genetically identical to one another.
example of an animal that can clone itself
starfish
example of a plant that can clone itslef
potatoes
what does sexual reproduction do?
produces a new organism by combining the genes of two organisms
what are sex cells called?
gametes
what are male gametes called?
sperm
what are female gametes called?
egg cells
what is fertilisation?
the fusion of gametes to form a zygote
what does a zygote do?
goes through cell division to form an embryo
what is genetics?
the study of inheritance
what are chromosomes?
packages of long threads of DNA, tightly wound up so that can fit inside the nucleus of a cell
what is DNA?
the material that contains all the information about how a living thing will look and function.
what is a gene?
a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein
how many chromosomes are in a human cell?
46
how many chromosomes are in the human gamete?
23
how many sets of chromosomes does each gamete contribute during fertilisation?
one set of chromosomes
how many sets of chromosomes does the zygote contain?
2 sets of 23 chromosomes
how many copies of each gene does the body cell have?
2 copies of each gene. one from each parent
what is a dominant gene?
a gene that determines the characteristic of the organism
