Growth Of Mining And Manufacturing Flashcards
Reasons for lack of industrialisation in the Qing empire
Status of women- married early and left the workforce which meant that the pool, un-unionised labour were absent
Large scale manufacturing started much later due to Chinese peasants who were living in the countryside rather than the cities
Treaty of nanjing 1842
Gave Britain the right to sell manufacturers cotton garments directly into china which resulted in widespread unrest
Although Chinese industrialisation Finally emerged in the 1890s and textile factories were set up by nationalist minded Chinese businessmen
Cotton industry
Despite china being the largest importer of cotton , it was only overtaken in output in 1936
Shanghai
By the 1930’s it had become the largest and most industrialised city in china and the majority of workers were engaged in textiles - 131000 textile workers in 1930 - 50% of all workers
Many of them who were women since strikes 1921 and 1925 convicted factory owners to employ women
Employing women
Labour contractors would supply large numbers of female workers from the countryside and keep whatever pay they receive in return for accomodation and food
Manchuria
1931 invaded by Japanese and named Manchuko and undertook factory and mine building . Japanese technicians,managers and engineers arrived in manchuko to direct the industrialisation of the region
Mining in Manchuria
Iron ore and coal mining were the most important industries and the resources were shipped to the Japanese empire
State capitalism infrastructure building
Helped to support japans economy which was struggling during the Great Depression but this was at the expense - japan invested nearly 6 billion yen into the manchuko industry
Kwangtung army
Worked in partnership with private businesses built mines, harbours and towns along the railway route - very profitable to the company grew in value from 160million yen to 1 billion yen in 20 years which shows that japan was highly successful in economically developing manchuko but also extracting wealth from it
Germany
Both the Weimar and nazi regime helped the creation of a defence industry, roads and factories in china in return for exports of the countries raw materials
Mao 1953
Began a rapid expansion of china’s industrial base with central targets for the production of iron, steel and coal
Who did mao receive help from
Soviet Union which offered a loan of two billion roubles
What did mao’s plan envisage
694 major industrial developments being built between 1953 and 1957 - soviet aid for 156 of them which included 24 power plants
Impact of the death of Stalin
Stalin had demanded moderation and restraint in China particularly with creating a fully socialist economy however his death in 1853 meant that mao was able to implement as he saw he fit and announced that the whole economy would be transformed into a socialist one in 10-15 years
Collectivisation
The policy of taking land out of the ownership of individual peasants and all land was owned by the village collective and all tools and livestock were shared however this meant that small businesses were forced to join co-operatives and were stripped of their businesses - in 1956 800,000 businesses were taken from their owners
