Growth +metabolism Flashcards
Trace elements ( essential micronutrients) are involved in ………
Enzyme function + maintenance of protein structure
Nucleic acid , methane , magnesium sulfate , which of them is inorganic ???
magnesium sulfate لأن لا يحتوي على الكاربون والهيدروجين
……………. Composes most of the bacterial cell weight and then ……….
Water
Protein (muscle عضلات🤨😉😉😉)
Microbes require ………. Amount of minerals like , copper,molybdenum, zinc
Small
Microbes require ……………amount of micronutreint like carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,magnesium,sod-ium,calcium,iron
Large
…………..is a bacterial protein ,that concentrates iron from dilute solutions.
Siderophores يحمل وينقل
Electron transfer agents in many metabolic pathways especially in cellular respiration .
Cytochromes
…………is heme bounded to a protein ,functioning in ……….
Cytochromes
Electron transport
Cytochromes are involved in ………….
Cellular respiration
Another meaning of autotrophs term is ……………..
Lithotrophs
Another meaning of heterotrophs term is …………..
Organotrophs
Plant is photoautotrophs , but green non sulfure bacteria is ………….
Photoheterotrophs
single-celled, non-photosynthetic protists
Protozoa
The most common pathway of breaking down glucose (glycolysis) to pyruvic acid is…….
Embden-meyerhof -parner pathway (EMP)
نفس الي اخذنا بالخامس الأعدادي
Examples of obligate intracellular bacteria is …………… and they are called ……………since they steal host’s ATP.
Rickettsia +chlamydia عديم الأشكال
Energy parasites
Growth in a …………….system , remains exponential only for a few generation due to ………… and then enters …………..
Closed
Nutreint limitation + waste accumulation
A stationary phase
Shorter generation(doubling time )means …………
Shorter incubation period of disease
In …………and ………… phases , growth rate is zero.
Lag +stationary phase
……………can live in air but don’t use it .
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Oxygen first created by ………….
Cyanobacteria
Macrophages can produce …………….to harm bacteria
Oxygen radicals
This bacteria does use O2 as a final electron acceptor in their electron transfer chain , but they also can switch to fermentation in the abscence of oxygen …
Facultative anaerobes
غير مبالٍ بالأوكسجين
Aerotolerant anaerobes
need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen
Microaerophiles
These bacteria use fermentation , but can also tolerate with the presence of oxygen
Aerotolerant anaerobes
………….. is produced in pentose phosphate pathway which is parallel to ………….
NADPH
Glycolysis
……………is a reduced form of a Co-enzyme that is important for the biosynthesis of fatty acids,cholestrol, nucleotides , neurotransmitters and also in many detoxification reactions .
NADPH
A coenzme that is important for the biosynthesis of pentose sugars that is required in the synthesis of (NAD +FAD+Co-anzyme A )+(RNA+DNA+ATP).
NADPH
Pentose phosphate pathway is also known as …………
Hexose monophosphate shunt
……………is called Amphibolic
Krebs cycle
According to favored temperature for growth , most pathogenic bacteria are
Mesophile
پس دمای طبیعی بدن انسان تو این دامنه است ، ۲۰تا۴۵
About bacteria :-
Grow well at temperature of 4to 15 celsius…………
And ………..at 20 to 45 celsius
And ………at above 50 celsius
Psychrophile
Mesophile
Thermophile
في ماذا يستخدم البكتريا ،الحديد؟؟؟؟
1/cellular respiration عجيب👅🤪
2/in cytochromes
Spiral shaped bacteria are gram
Negative
من هم اللاهوائيات فول ، الي يتخبلون من الهواء
١/ كلوزتريديوم ، العصوي الموجب ، قافل على نفسه
٢/باكتيرويد ، العصوي السالب، يتكهرب من الهواء
